基于响应面近似技术的平流层飞艇协同设计优化

针对平流层飞艇多学科设计优化问题,引入协同优化算法,分析基于响应面近似模型的协同优化方法CO/RSA的执行步骤和特点,并介绍响应面近似模型的构建方法;建立平流层飞艇各学科模型,并对学科间耦合关系进行分析;运用建立的气动/推进、结构、能源三个耦合子系统的学科分析模型和系统优化模型,以平流层飞艇总质量最小为优化目标,综合考虑浮重、推阻和能源平衡,采用CO/RSA方法对平流层飞艇进行设计优化.结果表明:所建立的平流层飞艇的MDO模型是合理的,CO/RSA算法应用于飞艇总体设计优化是有效的,研究结果可为平流层飞艇方案论证和方案设计提供参考.     

横向热气流中单液滴剪切破碎特性研究

为了获得热气流中单液滴剪切破碎特性,采用高速摄像机对液滴变形、破碎过程进行了捕获。结果表明:液滴初始直径减小、气流温度增加,降低了液滴发生剪切破碎所需最小气动力;液滴破碎特征时间,随气动力增加呈线性递减变化趋势,且其值与变化梯度都随液滴初始直径增加而增大;液滴破碎区域面积、子液滴质量百分数随气动力增加呈先增加后减小的变化趋势,液滴初始直径增加,液滴破碎区域面积随之增加,而子液滴质量百分数则随之减小;剪切破碎锥角,随气动力增加呈线性减小的变化趋势;液滴破碎程度随液滴初始直径增加有明显改善;标准离差率数学模型可以用于子液滴群空间分布均匀性方面的研究。     

Effect of sodium tartrate concentrations on morphology and characteristics of anodic oxide film on titanium alloy Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al

The effect of sodium tartrate concentrations on morphology and characteristics of ano-dic oxide film on titanium alloy was investigated. The alloy substrates were anodized in different concentration solutions of sodium tartrate with the addition of PTFE emulsion and their morphol-ogy and characteristics were analyzed. The anodic oxide film presented a uniform petaloid drums and micro-cracks morphology. Additionally, micro-cracks dramatically swelled with the increase of the tartrate concentrations. The thickness of the anodic oxide film increased with the concentra-tions until the concentration reached 15 g/L. The results of Raman analysis illustrate that all sam-ples have similarity in the crystal structure, consisting of mainly amorphous TiO2, some anatase TiO2 and a small amount of rutile TiO2. And the ratios of anatase TiO2 and rutile TiO2 increase with the concentrations until it reaches 15 g/L. Furthermore, the intensity of the peaks increases with enhanced concentrations until the concentration reaches 15 g/L. The corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film is increased by the sodium tartrate with higher concentrations before 15 g/L. The coefficient of friction of the anodic oxide film reduces with the concentrations until the concentration reaches 15 g/L, then the coefficient of friction of the anodic oxide film increases with the concentrations.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

An equivalent ground thermal test method for single-phase fluid loop space radiator

Thermal vacuum test is widely used for the ground validation of spacecraft thermal control system. However, the conduction and convection can be simulated in normal ground pressure environment completely. By the employment of pumped fluid loops’ thermal control technology on spacecraft, conduction and convection become the main heat transfer behavior between radiator and inside cabin. As long as the heat transfer behavior between radiator and outer space can be equivalently simulated in normal pressure, the thermal vacuum test can be substituted by the normal ground pressure thermal test. In this paper, an equivalent normal pressure thermal test method for the spacecraft single-phase fluid loop radiator is proposed. The heat radiation between radiator and outer space has been equivalently simulated by combination of a group of refrigerators and thermal electrical cooler(TEC) array. By adjusting the heat rejection of each device, the relationship between heat flux and surface temperature of the radiator can be maintained. To verify this method,a validating system has been built up and the experiments have been carried out. The results indicate that the proposed equivalent ground thermal test method can simulate the heat rejection performance of radiator correctly and the temperature error between in-orbit theory value and experiment result of the radiator is less than 0.5 C, except for the equipment startup period. This provides a potential method for the thermal test of space systems especially for extra-large spacecraft which employs single-phase fluid loop radiator as thermal control approach.     

商用飞机驾驶舱造型设计特征研究

介绍了国内外商用飞机驾驶舱设计的历史及现状,在分析多类飞机驾驶舱造型设计图片资料的基础上,探讨主要飞机制造商驾驶舱造型设计的特征。依据驾驶舱造型的相似性,对国际上12家商用飞机制造商的66款机型的驾驶舱进行聚类分析和多维尺度分析,挑选出10款有代表性的驾驶舱。在提取代表性驾驶舱造型特征线后,分析主要飞机制造商的驾驶舱造型设计特点及差异,为新型飞机驾驶舱造型设计提供参考。     

发动机动力模拟风洞试验中的空气桥技术

介绍了发动机动力模拟风洞试验中的空气桥设计技术和影响修正方法.通过自由度分析,选择了合理空气桥布局,采用有限元方法对空气桥关键受力梁进行了优化,建立了空气桥天平一体化数值模拟技术,使得空气桥和天平刚度更加匹配.通过这些设计及优化使得空气桥的作用力最小,并具有较强的克服压力影响、温度影响的能力.通过试验建立了空气桥附加刚度影响、内部压力影响、温度影响和内部流量影响的修正方法,进一步减小了空气桥对天平的影响.在8m×6m低速风洞进行了某大展弦比飞机全模涡扇动力模拟器(TPS)短舱动力模拟试验.试验结果重复性好,阻力系数精度达到0.0003,和相关文献吻合.这表明空气桥技术是成功的,满足了TPS短舱动力模拟试验要求.      

美国NASA的适航气动研究及启示

飞机适航管理是以民用航空器为对象的强制性、法规性和技术性飞行安全管理。简述美、欧等世界航空大国飞机适航管理及适航规章;研究美国NASA在飞机适航领域开展的气动研究工作;探讨我国国家空气动力试验机构服务于适航工作的途径。     

应召反潜时无人机监听航路的规划

浮标阵是航空反潜模式下应召搜潜时常用的一种反潜手段。在假设浮标阵已被布设完毕并且由无人机对其进行实时监听的前提下,文章重点研究了无人机监听航线的规划问题。首先,研究了浮标阵的布设及其特点,分析了无人机航路的代价问题;接着,根据浮标阵的特点规划出了无人机监听方形浮标阵的监听航路飞行方案,并对所规划航路的技术指标进行了分析和研究;最后,对无人机的监听航路进行了计算,计算结果表明文中所规划的方案是可行的,这为无人机监听浮标阵的实际应用提供了参考。     

一种临近空间升浮一体飞行器气动布局设计研究

应用理论方法和数值模拟方法开展升浮一体太阳能无人机气动布局设计研究,通过优化选形设计获得高升阻比气动布局,对比两种方法的计算结果以及分析存在差别的原因;应用张线天平支撑风洞试验测试技术,对设计布局开展实验验证研究,建立大展弦比的双机身气动布局风洞试验测试方法,分析了不同雷诺数下实验模型的纵向和横向气动特性影响。研究结果表明:风洞试验结果与设计结果吻合良好,验证了设计结果的可靠性,获得了对总体设计具有指导意义的结论和试验数据结果。