APPLICATION OF HOT PRESS SINTERING TECHNIQUE TO EXPLOSIVE CHARGE LINER OF PETROLEUM PERFORATION BULLET

介绍了一种制备石油射孔弹的药形罩的新方法,采用粉末冶金技术,热压烧结工艺制备石油射孔弹的药形罩,并对药形罩的烧结工艺进行了研究。实验结果表明,采用该工艺制备的石油射孔弹药形罩可以满足要求。     

GRACE gravity field modeling with an investigation on correlation between nuisance parameters and gravity field coefficients

The GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) monthly gravity models have been independently produced and published by several research institutions, such as Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS). According to their processing standards, above institutions use the traditional variational approach except that the DEOS exploits the acceleration approach. The background force models employed are rather similar. The produced gravity field models generally agree with one another in the spatial pattern. However, there are some discrepancies in the gravity signal amplitude between solutions produced by different institutions. In particular, 10%–30% signal amplitude differences in some river basins can be observed. In this paper, we implemented a variant of the traditional variational approach and computed two sets of monthly gravity field solutions using the data from January 2005 to December 2006. The input data are K-band range-rates (KBRR) and kinematic orbits of GRACE satellites. The main difference in the production of our two types of models is how to deal with nuisance parameters. This type of parameters is necessary to absorb low-frequency errors in the data, which are mainly the aliasing and instrument errors. One way is to remove the nuisance parameters before estimating the geopotential coefficients, called NPARB approach in the paper. The other way is to estimate the nuisance parameters and geopotential coefficients simultaneously, called NPESS approach. These two types of solutions mainly differ in geopotential coefficients from degree 2 to 5. This can be explained by the fact that the nuisance parameters and the gravity field coefficients are highly correlated, particularly at low degrees. We compare these solutions with the official and published ones by means of spectral analysis. It is found that our solutions are, in general, consistent with others in the spatial pattern. The water storage variations of the Amazon, Chari and Ganges river basins have also been computed. The variations computed with the NPARB approach are closer to those produced by JPL and DEOS solutions, while the variations produced with the NPESS approach are in good agreement with those produced by the CSR and GFZ solutions. A simulation study is implemented with considering realistic noise and low-frequency error. The two approaches are used to recover the true model. The NPESS solution appears closer to the true one. Therefore we are inclined to estimate the nuisance parameters simultaneously with the geopential coefficients.     

Conceptual design of a bioregenerative life support system containing crops and silkworms

This article summarizes a conceptual design of a bioregenerative life support system for permanent lunar base or planetary exploration. The system consists of seven compartments – higher plants cultivation, animal rearing, human habitation, water recovery, waste treatment, atmosphere management, and storages. Fifteen kinds of crops, such as wheat, rice, soybean, lettuce, and mulberry, were selected as main life support contributors to provide the crew with air, water, and vegetable food. Silkworms fed by crop leaves were designated to produce partial animal nutrition for the crew. Various physical-chemical and biological methods were combined to reclaim wastewater and solid waste. Condensate collected from atmosphere was recycled into potable water through granular activated carbon adsorption, iodine sterilization, and trace element supplementation. All grey water was also purified though multifiltration and ultraviolet sterilization. Plant residue, human excrement, silkworm feces, etc. were decomposed into inorganic substances which were finally absorbed by higher plants. Some meat, ingredients, as well as nitrogen fertilizer were prestored and resupplied periodically. Meanwhile, the same amount and chemical composition of organic waste was dumped to maintain the steady state of the system. A nutritional balanced diet was developed by means of the linear programming method. It could provide 2721 kcal of energy, 375.5 g of carbohydrate, 99.47 g of protein, and 91.19 g of fat per capita per day. Silkworm powder covered 12.54% of total animal protein intakes. The balance of material flows between compartments was described by the system of stoichiometric equations. Basic life support requirements for crews including oxygen, food, potable and hygiene water summed up to 29.68 kg per capita per day. The coefficient of system material closure reached 99.40%.     

插入式机翼下壁板对接附加弯矩研究

插入式机翼下壁板对接具有双剪传力稳定、疲劳性能好的优点,但其结构中心线在对接区变化明显,会带来附加弯矩。为尽量减小对接区的附加弯矩,提出了在建立飞机骨架模型时即优化中央翼下翼面外形面相对外翼下翼面的位置方法。基于插入式机翼下壁板对接结构的特点,阐述了对接结构偏心的来源和附加弯矩的形成;针对某A型飞机的对接结构计算了偏心值,并利用力法对附加弯矩在对接区的分布进行了计算分析。以某A型飞机的对接结构为基础,建立了4组插入式下壁板对接结构的模型,每组模型的中央翼下翼面位置相对外翼的不同;分别用力法和有限元法对附加弯矩进行了计算。结果表明：可以通过优化中央翼下翼面外形面的相对位置达到减小对接区附加弯矩的目的。描述了另外两种下壁板对接形式的附加弯矩情况,并和插入式的进行了简单比较。最后,总结了为减小区域附加弯矩及其不利影响在对接结构设计上需要注意的点。     

基于里德堡原子相干效应的微波电场测量技术研究进展

近年来,采用里德堡原子的微波电场测量技术得到了迅速发展,获得了广泛应用。该电场探测技术是一项全新技术,可以将微波电场通过基本物理常数与频率测量直接关联,具有测量动态范围大、测量灵敏度高和测量不确定度小的特点,有望替代传统溯源路径,直接关联国际单位制（SI）。本文基于里德堡原子相干效应的微波电场测量技术原理,针对国内外微波电场的高准确度、高灵敏度和极化方向测量技术发展现状,和对微波电场测量的工程化光源系统,蒸气室探头的仿真验证实验和集成式蒸气室探头的设计研究等方面的相关进展做了详细介绍。     

高性能混凝土的外加剂优化研究(英文)

运用不同减水剂和早强剂配制高性能混凝土(High performance concrete,HPC),测定其工作性、标准养护强度和蒸汽养护强度,研究了HPC的外加剂选用原则。结果表明,掺加聚缩酸系高效减水剂有利于HPC获得高工作性和高强度。硫酸钠早强剂将导致工作性不好,强度降低。对于蒸汽养护的HPC制品,应该优先采用硫酸钠含量低的萘系高效减水剂。因此,HPC外加剂的选择应该考虑养护条件的差异。     

《客舱服务技能》课程教学的改进与思考

《客舱服务技能》是空乘专业的一门专业必修课程。在课程改革中,如何改进《客舱服务技能》的教学效果是我们需要关注的重点。本文从目前该课程发展状况、师资、教材、实训条件、教学方法等方面对该课程的建设情况及存在的问题进行了分析与探讨。     

高负荷跨音压气机转子ATS-3气动设计

ATS-3的设计工作是在已有的设计较为成功的风扇压气机 ATS-2的基础上 ,进行细致的优化 ,主要是想提高失速裕度 ,也为高负荷、高压比跨声速压气机的设计提供更为直接、有用的设计数据。优化设计的重点是在根部应用可控扩散叶型的思想进行二维反问题优化、并对整体的安装角进行调整。其特性的数值模拟结果表明 ATS-3较 ATS-2有更大的失速域度 ,效率有所提高 ,但设计点的压比和流量略微有所降低     

基于遗传算法的无人机协同侦察航路规划

无人机将成为侦察卫星、有人驾驶侦察机的重要补充与增强手段 ,成为未来战场上广泛应用的一种侦察工具。为了提高无人机 (UAV)的侦察效率 ,在执行侦察任务前必需规划设计出高效的无人机侦察飞行航路。针对这一问题 ,本文提出了一种侦察效率指标评估的计算方法 ,解决了航路规划中的侦察效率量化问题。考虑在大范围任务区域内进行侦察航路优化存在计算的复杂性和收敛性等问题 ,本文采用遗传算法对侦察航路进行了优化处理。通过该方法得到的侦察航路可以有效地提高无人机的侦察效率。