纤维复合材料刚度设计的力学原理及其应用

针对航空用纤维复合材料,基于纤维与基体的协调变形规律和材料应变能密度的计算,导出了纤维复合材料的刚度表达式,研究了刚度矩阵的基本力学特性,给出了复合材料刚度矩阵元素与基体材料的刚度、纤维束的刚度及铺设方向的关系,提供了平面铺层和三维取向纤维复合材料的基本刚度设计公式和设计方法。最后给出工程应用设计方法的几个具体例子,并与其他理论和实验结果进行了对比。研究结果表明,在考虑材料制备工艺缺陷造成的刚度折减后,本文提出的设计公式及方法可应用于纤维复合材料的优化设计。     

飞机发动机混沌振动信号盲分离检测方法

发动机混沌振动信号携带着丰富的状态信息,依据混沌振动信号进行状态监测及故障诊断是一种很有前途的技术手段,但由于混沌信号具有伪随机特性及在低频段具有宽频谱等特点,使得传统的方法很难将其从振动信号中分离。在提取混沌振动信号方面,使用快速独立分量分析（Fast ICA）盲分离方法分离出飞机发动机振动信号中的混沌信号。利用功率谱和Lyapunov指数（LE）方法进行了判定,根据计算结果对发动机状态做出判断,验证了盲分离方法分离混沌振动信号的有效。盲分离检测混沌振动信号的方法不仅使依据混沌信号判断飞机发动机状态成为可能,也为利用混沌信号进行状态预测和控制提供了一种方法。     

高超声速飞行器构型的数值模拟、试验研究与优化设计

综合升力体和乘波构型的气动性能优势,发展了一种高超声速飞行器前体气动构型的设计方法。运用该方法参考某高超声速飞行器气动布局方案,设计了一种高超声速飞行器气动布局。对该类高超声速气动布局进行了数值模拟、优化设计和试验研究;并研究了该类气动布局在高空飞行时,稀薄气体效应对气动性能的影响。数值模拟结果表明：构型前体预压缩面能够将高压气体封闭在构型下表面,实现了乘波构型的设计概念;优化设计结果表明,对于该构型宽展比应在0.4~0.6之间,通过优化升阻比至少有3%~5%的提高余地。对DSMC算法的碰撞模型和有效碰撞次数进行了改进,发展了临近空间飞行器气动性能模拟软件。研究结果表明,在临近空间区域,该类气动布局的升阻比特性略有下降,但仍旧保持了高升阻比的气动优势。     

构架式空间可展开支撑臂

构架式空间可展开支撑臂在实现大尺寸高刚度航天器方面有着广泛的应用需求。文章论述了几种典型构架式空间可展开支撑臂的结构组成、工作原理和发展现状,从多个方面比较了不同类型构架式空间可展开支撑臂的特点,阐述了构架式空间可展开支撑臂发展趋势,指出球铰接杆式空间可展开支撑臂是适应大型化发展的空间可展开支撑臂主要发展方向,分析了实现球铰接杆式空间可展开支撑臂工程化尚需解决的关键技术。     

负压式平板型环路热管试验

为解决高热流密度电子器件的散热问题,设计了一套负压式铜 甲醇环路热管,其蒸发器设计成平板型。研究表明,该平板型环路热管具有较高的散热能力,能够在无重力姿态和重力姿态下顺利启动。当重力倾角分别为0°、18°和30°,热负荷为160W时,蒸发器壁面温度分别达到85.8℃、66.3℃和64.6℃。按照环路热管启动状态,其启动过程可分为3个阶段：加热阶段、预启动阶段和后启动阶段。在低热负荷区域,环路热管会出现温度波动现象。增大重力倾角,有利于降低蒸发器壁面温度和热阻。当重力倾角为30°,热负荷从10W递增到160W时,环路热管的热阻从4.97℃/W降低到0.39℃/W。     

摩擦作用下金属氧化反应的机理

某些金属在空气中摩擦时生成的润滑性氧化膜由于具有低摩擦系数、高耐磨性和自修复等特点越来越受到关注。摩擦过程中氧化膜的生成速度超过磨损速度是获得有效润滑的必要条件。摩擦氧化的动力学机制不同于热氧化,本文基于致密氧化膜的抛物线生长模型研究了摩擦状况下的氧化膜生长规律,使之尽早获得推广应用,具有广阔的市场前景     

高压输电网设计中的二阶非线性方程的次谐波分枝

本文用Melnikov方法研究高压输电网设计中提出的非线性二阶受迫振动方程的次谐波分枝,分析了系统可能出现次谐解的条件和参数区域,以此为工程应用提供参考。     

GRACE gravity field modeling with an investigation on correlation between nuisance parameters and gravity field coefficients

The GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) monthly gravity models have been independently produced and published by several research institutions, such as Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS). According to their processing standards, above institutions use the traditional variational approach except that the DEOS exploits the acceleration approach. The background force models employed are rather similar. The produced gravity field models generally agree with one another in the spatial pattern. However, there are some discrepancies in the gravity signal amplitude between solutions produced by different institutions. In particular, 10%–30% signal amplitude differences in some river basins can be observed. In this paper, we implemented a variant of the traditional variational approach and computed two sets of monthly gravity field solutions using the data from January 2005 to December 2006. The input data are K-band range-rates (KBRR) and kinematic orbits of GRACE satellites. The main difference in the production of our two types of models is how to deal with nuisance parameters. This type of parameters is necessary to absorb low-frequency errors in the data, which are mainly the aliasing and instrument errors. One way is to remove the nuisance parameters before estimating the geopotential coefficients, called NPARB approach in the paper. The other way is to estimate the nuisance parameters and geopotential coefficients simultaneously, called NPESS approach. These two types of solutions mainly differ in geopotential coefficients from degree 2 to 5. This can be explained by the fact that the nuisance parameters and the gravity field coefficients are highly correlated, particularly at low degrees. We compare these solutions with the official and published ones by means of spectral analysis. It is found that our solutions are, in general, consistent with others in the spatial pattern. The water storage variations of the Amazon, Chari and Ganges river basins have also been computed. The variations computed with the NPARB approach are closer to those produced by JPL and DEOS solutions, while the variations produced with the NPESS approach are in good agreement with those produced by the CSR and GFZ solutions. A simulation study is implemented with considering realistic noise and low-frequency error. The two approaches are used to recover the true model. The NPESS solution appears closer to the true one. Therefore we are inclined to estimate the nuisance parameters simultaneously with the geopential coefficients.     

六维力/加工电流模糊控制电解加工间隙的方法

为了有效控制电解加工间隙,提高加工精度,以六维力和加工电流为模糊控制器输入的原始数据,结合在线检测加工间隙技术,得到测试间隙;设计控制加工间隙的二输入一输出的模糊控制器,把测试间隙与初始设定间隙形成偏差和偏差的变化量,作为模糊控制器的输入,机床主轴进给速度作为模糊控制器输出;在Matlab的Simulink模块中,通过对电解加工系统和模糊控制器组成的联合模型进行仿真试验,并调整加工间隙的初始设定值,得到结论:模糊控制电解加工过程稳定,鲁棒性好,加工过程很快达到平衡状态;在0.2～0.7 mm的加工间隙范围,随着加工间隙的增大,模糊控制器的超调量减小,控制效果好.     

高速铣削系统稳定性动态优化新方法

考虑铣削过程中的自激振动和强迫振动,基于延迟微分方程的稳定性判定准则和强迫振动共振区的半带宽理论,提出一种铣削系统稳定性动态优化新方法.该方法通过选择切削参数和修改系统结构参数,在保证加工表面精度的前提下,获得大的稳定性材料去除率.其目标函数是材料去除率,约束条件是铣削过程稳定且非共振,动态优化变量是铣削系统的切削参数和结构参数.优化程序被阐明,实例分析结果显示,系统在稳定非共振条件下,加工时的材料去除率相比于优化前提高了18.86%.另外,为获得最大的稳定材料去除率和较好的表面精度,在铣削系统优化过程中,应同时考虑颤振稳定性和共振的影响.