人际关系与心理卫生

人的社会性决定了人必须生活于广泛的人际关系网中,从中获得物质需要和精神需要。人际关系的广泛性和复杂性,对人的心理健康产生了深刻而持久的影响。“人类的心理适应,最主要的就是对于人际关系的适应,所以人类的心理病态,主要是由于人际关系的失调而来。”人际关系问题是心理卫生学研究和实践的重要课题之一。     

A memetic algorithm for path planning of curvature-constrained UAVs performing surveillance of multiple ground targets

The problem of generating optimal paths for curvature-constrained unmanned aerial vehicles （UAVs） performing surveillance of multiple ground targets is addressed in this paper. UAVs are modeled as Dubins vehicles so that the constraints of UAVs＇ minimal turning radius can be taken into account. In view of the effective surveillance range of the sensors equipped on UAVs, the problem is formulated as a Dubins traveling salesman problem with neighborhood （DTSPN）. Considering its prohibitively high computational complexity, the Dubins paths in the sense of terminal heading relaxation are introduced to simplify the calculation of the Dubins distance, and a boundary-based encoding scheme is proposed to determine the visiting point of every target neighborhood. Then, an evolutionary algorithm is used to derive the optimal Dubins tour. To further enhance the quality of the solutions, a local search strategy based on approximate gradient is employed to improve the visiting points of target neighborhoods. Finally, by a minor modification to the individual encoding, the algorithm is easily extended to deal with other two more sophisticated DTSPN variants （multi-UAV scenario and multiple groups of targets scenario）. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated through comparative experiments with other two state-of-the-art DTSPN algorithms identified in literature. Numerical simulations exhibit that the algorithm proposed in this paper can find high-quality solutions to the DTSPN with lower computational cost and produce significantly improved performance over the other algorithms.     

Cleaning space debris with a space-based laser system

High-energy pulsed laser radiation may be the most feasible means to mitigate the threat of collision of a space station or other valuable space assets with orbital debris in the size range of 1–10 cm. Under laser irradiation, part of the debris material is ablated and provides an impulse to the debris particle. Proper direction of the impulse vector either deflects the object trajectory or forces the debris on a trajectory through the upper atmosphere, where it burns up. Most research concentrates on ground-based laser systems but pays little attention to space-based laser systems.There are drawbacks of a ground-based laser system in cleaning space debris. Therefore the placement of a laser system in space is proposed and investigated. Under assumed conditions,the elimination process of space debris is analyzed. Several factors such as laser repetition frequency, relative movement between the laser and debris, and inclination of debris particles which may exercise influence to the elimination effects are discussed. A project of a space-based laser system is proposed according to the numerical results of a computer study. The proposed laser system can eliminate debris of 1–10 cm and succeed in protecting a space station.     

小波分析在直接吸收谱信号分析中的应用

采用小波分析方法对直接吸收谱信号进行消噪处理,通过对信号的高、低频部分进行分离实现了噪声消除。采用这种方法对近红外波段的DFB(分布反馈)半导体激光器所发出并且经由气室吸收、数据采集等步骤产生的直接吸收信号进行噪声消除实验,清除了数据中的高频噪声。实验中的两种光谱信号经消噪处理后,反映了数据的光谱特性,有利于进行光谱数据的拟合处理;尤其将受到气流强烈干扰的信号去除了大幅值的噪声信号,使该信号反映气流的速度特性,并能进行后续的线型拟合工作。     

实时工业以太网EtherCAT时序特性分析系统

分析了实时工业以太网的特点,提出一种时序特性分析系统,该系统硬件部分包括数据侦听器和监听计算机;软件部分是安装在监听计算机上的时序分析仪.数据侦听器是以现场可编程门阵列(FPGA,Field-Programmable Gate Array)为核心的硬件单元,主要功能是捕捉被监听链路上的数据帧,提取并封装原始帧的信息生成一个Probe帧,随后转发原始帧和Probe帧到监听计算机.Probe帧是提出的一种专门用于实时工业以太网时序和功能分析的以太网数据帧.时序分析仪解析Probe帧中封装的信息,按照用户设置进行计算统计后,以图形化的方式显示分析结果.最后,构建基于实时工业以太网EtherCAT的实验系统进行功能验证.实验结果表明,时序特性分析系统能够完成对实时工业以太网数据的在线捕捉和离线分析,并能清晰、直观的显示被监听链路和器件时序特性的解析结果.     

整流罩分离过程中运动位姿测量技术研究

针对整流罩分离过程中的空间目标三维位姿跟踪测量,设计了双目视觉测量系统,完成整流罩关键点的空间三维坐标测量。基于各特征点的图像处理、识别及跟踪测量算法,结合极线约束匹配,实现目标点的精确立体匹配,可完成不同目标特征点的三维空间坐标解算,进而获取不同运动姿态时的速度、加速度等关键信息,为整流罩机械设计、动力学设计提供参考依据。     

鲁棒Kalman滤波及其在水下组合导航中的应用

在水下捷联惯导(SINS)/多普勒计程仪(DVL)组合导航系统中,当外部辅助信息受到野值等非高斯噪声污染时,选取调节因子γ为固定值将会降低基于Huber方法的鲁棒Kalman滤波(HRKF)算法的精度和鲁棒性.针对此问题,提出了一种基于马氏距离(MD)算法的调节因子自适应的鲁棒Kalman滤波(HRAKF)算法.首先利...     

火箭弹射座椅乘员抓握中央拉环耐限力研究

火箭弹射座椅中央拉环是乘员启动应急离机程序的操纵手柄,同时还承载着对乘员手腕的防护功能。中央拉环的外形影响了抓握的姿势,而不同的抓握姿势,也直接决定了人体手臂的气流吹袭载荷。文中先分析了国内外典型弹射座椅中央拉环的外形和使用特点,通过对乘员不同姿势握持中央拉环的耐受力实测,提出了一种有利于乘员做出对抗动作的抓握姿势和外形,并对其进行了仿真分析和试验,为后续弹射座椅的中央拉环改进设计和乘员上肢防护提供参考。     

构建实例库的参数模型及其应用

通过分析系统模型和IDEFO模型,提出了实例参数模型,即将切削系统的各组成参量分成4类:非控制参量,过程参量,控制参量和输出参量并以此提出了实例库的构建过程.最后根据提出的参数模型,建立了高速切削数据库系统.     

高比转速斜流叶轮流场分析

以两个高负荷、高比转速离心叶轮与斜流叶轮为例,采用数值模拟的方法,在级环境下分析了两种叶轮的总体性能,以及内部流动机理.计算结果表明在高比转速情况下,斜流叶轮有利于减弱叶尖泄漏损失,改善叶轮出口均匀性,提高叶轮效率和级效率.