Effects of temperature distribution and level on heat transfer on a rotating free disk

In gas turbine engines, with the existence of the intense forced convection and significant buoyancy effects, temperature distribution and level on turbine or compressor disks affect the heat transfer characteristics strongly. In this paper, numerical simulations were performed to analyze these influences for a free disk, with the laminar and turbulent flow respectively. The influences of temperature distribution on the heat transfer were observed by using incompressible cooling air, and temperature profiles of nth order monomial and polynomial were assumed on the disk. The analysis revealed that the heat transfer for two flow states on the free disk is determined by the exponent n of the monomial profile when specifying the rotating Reynolds number; for an arbitrary polynomial profile, the local Nusselt number can be deduced from results of monomial profiles. To study the effects of temperature level on heat transfer singly, monomial profiles were used and the local Nusselt number of compressible and incompressible cooling air were compared.And both for two flow states, the following conclusions could be drawn: the relative difference of local Nusselt number is mainly controlled by nondimensional local temperature difference, and almost independent of the monomial's coefficient C, exponent n and the rotating Reynolds number. Subsequently, a correction method for heat transfer of the free disk is presented and verified computationally, with which the local Nusselt number, obtained with a uniform and low temperature profile, can be revised by arbitrary distribution and high temperature magnitude.      

基于透射法的能见度测量装置设计与实验研究

探索并实现了一种新型的单端透射式能见度测量装置,该装置是一种易于对准调校的便携式测量系统。介绍了装置的基本设计思路及主要测量原理,进行了装置与参考仪器的能见度测量比对实验。实验验证了装置测量能见度的性能,测量相对误差在±15%以内。     

引射器喉部面积比对脉冲爆震发动机性能的影响

以氢气和氧气混合物为例,采用数值计算方法,通过对加装收敛扩张型引射器的脉冲爆震发动机性能进行数值模拟,获得了不同引射器喉部面积比对脉冲爆震发动机性能的影响规律。计算结果表明：引射器喉部面积比越小时,冲量增推比越大;而引射2次流率却随面积比的减小而减小。     

Development and calibration of heat transfer coefficient sensor for rotational state

A novel heat transfer coefficient sensor is introduced and the design, manufacture,and calibration are described.The intended application of this instrument was on a high rotational speed test disc. In the experiments,the heat transfer coefficient sensor was calibrated under static state and rotational state respectively. The calibration under the static state was accomplished in a pipe: the inside diameter (ID) was 0.048m and the total length was 4m, the distance between the sensor and the inlet of the pipe was 3.5m; the standard value was measured using a self-made calibrator. The calibration under the rotational state was accomplished using a rotating disc: the diameter and thickness of the stainless disc were 800mm and 25mm, respectively;the sensor was installed at the location of r =250mm; the rotating disc driven by a 30kW direct current motor can supply the maximum rotational speed of 3000r/min. The standard value under rotational state was provided by an approximate empirical formula. The results show that the designed sensor can measure heat transfer coefficient directly under rotational state and static state with good accuracy and stability; the correlation factor of K are constant under static state and rotational state.      

模型冲压发动机低压条件下燃烧效率试验

在亚燃冲压发动机直连式高空试验系统上,实现了模型冲压发动机在40～60 kPa条件下的点火和稳定燃烧,研究了燃烧室构型、燃烧室入口来流条件以及燃料当量比对燃烧效率的影响。试验结果表明:低压条件下的燃烧效率比常压和高压条件下的燃烧效率都要低;但低压条件下燃烧效率随燃烧室构型、模拟来流条件和燃料当量比的变化规律与常压和高压下的情况基本一致,增加燃烧室长度、提高来流总压和总温、增大燃料当量比,降低飞行高度,以及增强煤油的雾化和混合,都有利于提高燃烧效率;与常压和高压下的情况不同的是减小凹腔长深比能进一步提高燃烧效率。     

高超声速风洞多体干扰与分离试验技术

在FL-31风洞中进行了某高超声速飞行器的多体干扰与分离试验技术研究,成功建立了多体干扰与分离试验技术。试验模型是某典型构型的可重复使用航天飞行器,由助推器以及再入体两部分组成。利用风洞上下投放机构实现两模型间的相对运动,采用两台天平对模型的气动力进行测量,同时利用纹影仪记录模型分离过程中的激波干扰情况。结果表明：试验系统设计合理,能准确模拟物体间分离过程,并能精确测量多体干扰的气动力特性,激波干扰清晰可见。     

Tween-20协同麦草酶水解的研究

采用正交试验设计的方法,对在混合酶(纤维素酶 Celluclast 1.5 l,β-葡萄糖苷酶 Novozym 188)与Tween-20协同作用下,经乙醇预处理的麦草酶水解工艺条件进行研究,详细讨论了反应温度、底物浓度、Tween-20用量、纤维素酶用量对还原糖浓度和得率的影响,并对酶水解工艺进行优化.结果表明,最佳工艺条件为反应温度50 ℃,底物质量浓度100 g·L~(-1),Tween-20用量0.03 g·g~(-1),纤维素酶用量15 FPU·g~(-1).在此条件下,水解72 h时,还原糖质量浓度和得率分别达到46.1 g·L~(-1)和41.5%.     

复合材料层压结构铺层顺序优化设计特征提取算法

受在感知过程中抓住主要特征的启发,结合复合材料层压结构优化问题的特点,借鉴遗传算法、蚁群算法等模拟进化优化算法的流程,提出1种"特征提取"的优化算法。根据目标函数值f(→Xj)(j=1,2,…m)的大小,对相应的m个设计变量向量→Xj=(x1,j,x2,j,…,xi,j,xn,j)(j=1,2,…m)进行排序;在一定的"背景噪声"S下,根据"特征提取"指示向量P提取群组中较优方案的共同特征,生成m个新的设计变量→X′j。算例验证表明,所提出的算法是有效的。     

提高学籍管理水平的几点措施

关注学生发展的需要是制定学籍管理规定必须遵循的具体原则。文章分析了当前高校学籍管理的现状,并提出了提高学籍管理水平的几点措施。文章指出高校学籍管理应体现以人为本的理念,建立健全的学籍管理制度,以实现教育的人文化。要从学生的角度认识问题,维护学生的利益,尊重学生的人格,满足学生的合理要求,以提高高校的学籍管理工作水平。     

粉末燃料冲压发动机燃烧室两相流数值模拟

采用颗粒轨道模型对镁粉燃料冲压发动机的两相流场进行了三维数值模拟,目的是为进一步的实验研究提供指导和参考。结合理论性能分析,提出了一种发动机构型,通过数值模拟分析了颗粒粒径、产物相态等因素对该发动机燃烧效率的影响。结果表明,粉末燃料的粒径较小时点火延迟时间短,颗粒在发动机中的滞留时间长,燃料燃烧效率较高。