Space traffic control: a view of the future

This paper provides an overview of a system for providing reliable, ongoing, timely situational awareness services to satellite operators. Such services would include close approach warnings, warnings of potential radio frequency interference, and other offerings designed to help make operators aware of possible threats to the safe operation of their spacecraft and measures they can take to lessen these threats. The paper discusses current trends, proposes operational requirements, and speculates on the type of organization that may emerge to provide space traffic control services. It highlights how the detailed information required for such services may affect the evolution of the use of space.     

Raman imagery: a new approach to assess the geochemical maturity and biogenicity of permineralized precambrian fossils

Laser-Raman imagery is a non-intrusive, non-destructive analytical technique, recently introduced to Precambrian paleobiology, that can be used to demonstrate a one-to-one spatial correlation between the optically discernible morphology and kerogenous composition of permineralized fossil microorganisms. Made possible by the submicron-scale resolution of the technique and its high sensitivity to the Raman signal of carbonaceous matter, such analyses can be used to determine the chemical-structural characteristics of organic-walled microfossils and associated sapropelic carbonaceous matter in acid-resistant residues and petrographic thin sections. Here we use this technique to analyze kerogenous microscopic fossils and associated carbonaceous sapropel permineralized in 22 unmetamorphosed or little-metamorphosed fine-grained chert units ranging from approximately 400 to approximately 2,100 Ma old. The lineshapes of the Raman spectra acquired vary systematically with five indices of organic geochemical maturation: (1) the mineral-based metamorphic grade of the fossil-bearing units; (2) the fidelity of preservation of the fossils studied; (3) the color of the organic matter analyzed; and both the (4) H/C and (5) N/C ratios measured in particulate kerogens isolated from bulk samples of the fossil-bearing cherts. Deconvolution of relevant spectra shows that those of relatively well-preserved permineralized kerogens analyzed in situ exhibit a distinctive set of Raman bands that are identifiable also in hydrated organic-walled microfossils and particulate carbonaceous matter freed from the cherts by acid maceration. These distinctive Raman bands, however, become indeterminate upon dehydration of such specimens. To compare quantitatively the variations observed among the spectra measured, we introduce the Raman Index of Preservation, an approximate measure of the geochemical maturity of the kerogens studied that is consistent both with the five indices of organic geochemical alteration and with spectra acquired from fossils experimentally heated under controlled laboratory conditions. The results reported provide new insight into the chemical-structural characteristics of ancient carbonaceous matter, the physicochemical changes that accompany organic geochemical maturation, and a new criterion to be added to the suite of evidence by which to evaluate the origin of minute fossil-like objects of possible but uncertain biogenicity.     

高等职业技术教育改革探讨

本文以高职教育的现况、特色为依据,分析了高职教育改革中存在的问题,并从专业培养目标的定位、课程体系与教学方法、实验实习条件、师资能力与结构、教学内容与教材建设等方面分析了目前高职教育中影响高职教育质量的原因,并提出了改革的基本思路和方法。     

如何在应用软件中实现财务数学公式自定义

本文实现了在开发具有数据校验功能的软件时，一种全新的数据校验方法，将传统的写在程序中的校验公式或利用手工进行检验数据的方式完全抛弃。该种方法具有配置灵活、维护简单和功能强大的特点，利用界面元素命名方法，内置校验公式到各个界面元素中，而公式是可以灵活维护的，一般是将公式存贮在数据库表中，在软件需校验数据时，从数据库表中读取公式，根据公式中涉及到的各种界面数据项进行自动的数据校验并得出校验结果。这对需大量数据校验和校验算法经常改变的软件是非常有用的。     

在轨跟踪与数据中继卫星测控关键技术(下)

(续上期)6星蚀地影、月影分别发生于地球和月球遮挡太阳到卫星的光线时。地影固定出现在太阳运行到赤道附近的每年春、秋分前后约23 d的凌晨,1年有90 d多。地影发生的时刻和持续时间与卫星的定点位置、轨道倾角有关。月影的出现与卫星位置有关,但无明显规律。6.1 TDRS地影根据地球-卫星-太阳的相对位置(如图7所示),设TDRS在距地心为r的点PT处,它与地日连线对地心的张角φ=arccosST·SS|ST|×|SS|,(21)式中:SS为O-XIYIZI系中太阳矢量。图7地球-卫星-太阳相对位置Fig.7 Position relationship among the sun,the earth and a sate…     

航天器地面热实验水平调整测控系统设计

航天器发射以前的地面空间环境试验对于提高航天器的在轨工作的寿命、实现卫星的长寿命、高可靠有着重要的意义。为保证试验过程中真实模拟卫星的空间环境要求,需要研制水平调节系统.该系统建立在工业控集散系统的基础上,系统底层采用以PLC为代表的控制器件,上层采用组态软件,控制策略在组态软件中生成以后在PLC中具体实现。组态软件中实现数据的显示、存储、报警等功能。描述了卫星水平调节系统的构成以及具备的功能,给出了试验过程中的实际控制过程曲线。     

导弹姿态控制伺服系统的变结构控制

为消除导弹姿态控制伺服系统变结构控制中的抖振，在状态轨迹与滑动平面夹角变结构控制律的基础上，将原来的二阶系统扩展为n阶。所设计的控制律兼具连续控制律与非连续控制律的优点，动态品质优良。仿真结果验证了理论分析的有效性。     

虚拟样机技术在双模制导系统研制中的应用

将虚拟样机技术用于双模制导系统的研制。以Pro／E为三维实体特征建模工具，MSC、ADAMS为运动学和动力学分析工具，Matlab为控制分析软件，对机械系统和控制系统进行联合分析和调试。给出了机械模型、控制模型和两者间的输入输出，以及目标运动模型的建立方法。试验结果表明，所设计的虚拟样机能用于动态校核、参数优化、回归设计和演示验证，并能进行运动分析和干涉检测、跟踪以及交班试验等。     

合理构建第二课堂全面提高学员综合素质

第二课堂活动的开展对学员创新精神、实践能力的培养和综合素质的提高起着不可或缺的重要作用,本文从论述第二课堂活动在高等学校人才培养过程中的定位入手,紧密结合武警学院人才培养目标要求,对第二课堂活动的内容、运行机制等进行了阐述.     

基于建构主义的《汇编语言》课堂教学改革探索与实践

建构主义认为学习是学习者主动建构自己知识和经验的过程,是通过新经验与原有知识经验的相互作用而不断充实、丰富和改造自己已有知识经验的过程,它强调学习的主动性、实践性、创造性和社会性.以建构主义教学理论为指导,结合汇编语言自身特点采用"抛锚式"教学模式进行《汇编语言》课堂教学改革.通过问卷调查对教学效果进行评估,实践表明能培养学生学习的自主性、主动性和积极性,从而提高学生的编程能力和解决实际问题的能力.