低轨道带可变翼的平板型极高真空分子屏

本文计算了在低轨道自由飞行的平板型分子屏（ＷａｋｅＳｈｉｅｌｄＦａｃｉｌｉｔｙ）加了可变翼后，分子屏后实验区的压力分布。计算中考虑了分子屏和翼材料出气对实验区压力的影响。本文并对加可变翼和不加可变翼、考虑出气和不考虑出气几种情形进行了计算和比较。我们的结果表明：给轨道分子屏加上可变翼后，其实验区的压力可比不加可变翼降低一个数量级以上，压力达１０－１３Ｐａ。本文的研究表明，这种给轨道分子屏加可变翼的模型对更好的利用分子屏环境是非常有利的。     

水洞动态测力和流动显示一体化实验技术

研制能够用于低速水流中的三分量内式测力天平,结合氢气泡(或染色液)方法,在水洞(槽)中实现测力和流动显示实验同步进行的动态实验系统,克服了通常测力和流动显示分别在风洞和水洞中进行,实验条件不同给结果分析带来的困难。天平采用高精度位移传感器,避开传统的应变片技术应用于水中所遇到的技术困难。简易飞行器模型的静态和等速俯仰实验结果表明了测量系统的可靠性。     

Optimum low-thrust limited power transfers between neighbouring elliptic non-equatorial orbits in a non-central gravity field

A complete first-order analytical solution is developed for the problem of optimum low-thrust limited power transfers between neighbouring elliptic non-equatorial orbits in a non-central gravity field. The optimization problem is formulated as a Mayer problem of optimal control with Cartesian elements as state variables. After applying the Pontryagin maximum principle and determining the optimal thrust acceleration, an intrinsic canonical transformation is performed: the Cartesian elements are changed by suitable orbital elements. Hori's method is applied in determining a first-order analytical solution. Simple analytical solutions are obtained explicitly for long-time transfers.     

制造误差对气体静压轴承涡流力矩影响分析方法研究

 采用有限元方法研究了制造误差对狭缝节流气体静压轴颈—止推轴承的涡流力矩的影响。对于轴颈—止推相连结构的气体轴承,通过相容变换进行统一编程计算;在离散化过程中,利用加权余量法将二阶偏微分方程降低一阶,放松了对插值函数连续度的要求,便于借助有限元技术分析狭缝节流气体静压轴承的流场参数。分析了狭缝气膜宽度误差和轴颈圆度误差对涡流力矩的影响,以及轴颈的不同安装角度、偏心等因素对涡流力矩的影响。经对比验证,有限元计算结果与实测结果基本一致,研究结果对于气体静压轴颈—止推轴承的设计、装配优化和性能预测有重要指导意义。     

中国航空快递产品市场面分析

运用市场营销理论中关于消费者需求分析的基本观点与分析方法，对中国国内航空快递产品的市场面进行了较为全面与详细地分析，并在此基础上对该产品的市场营销提出了一些建议与对策。     

瞬态气动模拟加热控制中的快速高精度"E-T"转换

为了准确模拟飞行器在高速飞行时的瞬态气动加热状态,必须使用快速、高精度的计算机瞬态热能控制系统,对气动模拟试验的加热过程,实行快速、高精度的非线性动态控制.为此,传感器的快速、高精度"E-T"转换是一个必须解决的非常重要的问题.提出一种高速飞行器瞬态气动加热控制系统中传感器的快速、高精度"E-T"转换方法.该方法具有计算简单、转换速度快、校正精度高的优点,使用该方法实现了高速飞行器气动加热过程中温度场高速变化状态下的瞬态非线性动态控制.     

A new dynamic pushback control method for reducing fuel-burn costs: Using predicted taxi-out time

Long departure-taxi-out time leads to significant airport surface congestion, fuel-burn costs, and excessive emissions of greenhouse gases. To reduce these undesirable effects, a Predicted taxi-out time-based Dynamic Pushback Control(PDPC) method is proposed. The implementation of this method requires two steps: first, the taxi-out times for aircraft are predicted by the leastsquares support-vector regression approach of which the parameters are optimized by an introduced improved Firefly algorithm. Then, a dynamic pushback control model equipped with a linear gate-hold penalty function is built, along with a proposed iterative taxiway queue-threshold optimization algorithm for solving the model. A case study with data obtained from Beijing International airport(PEK) is presented. The taxi-out time prediction model achieves predictive accuracy within 3 min and 5 min by 84.71% and 95.66%, respectively. The results of the proposed pushback method show that total operation cost and fuel-burn cost achieve a 14.0% and 21.1%reduction, respectively, as compared to the traditional K-control policy.(3) From the perspective of implementation, using PDPC policy can significantly reduce the queue length in taxiway and taxi-out time. The total operation cost and fuel-burn cost can be curtailed by 37.2% and 52.1%,respectively, as compared to the non-enforcement of any pushback control mechanism. These results show that the proposed pushback control model can reduce fuel-burn costs and airport surface congestion effectively.     

Geometric error analysis of an over-constrained parallel tracking mechanism using the screw theory

This paper deals with geometric error modeling and sensitivity analysis of an overconstrained parallel tracking mechanism. The main contribution is the consideration of overconstrained features that are usually ignored in previous research. The reciprocal property between a motion and a force is applied to tackle this problem in the framework of the screw theory. First of all, a nominal kinematic model of the parallel tracking mechanism is formulated. On this basis, the actual twist of the moving platform is computed through the superposition of the joint twist and geometric errors. The actuation and constrained wrenches of each limb are applied to exclude the joint displacement. After eliminating repeated errors brought by the multiplication of wrenches, a geometric error model of the parallel tracking mechanism is built. Furthermore,two sensitivity indices are defined to select essential geometric errors for future kinematic calibration. Finally, the geometric error model with minimum geometric errors is verified by simulation with SolidWorks software. Two typical poses of the parallel tracking mechanism are selected, and the differences between simulation and calculation results are very small. The results confirm the correctness and accuracy of the geometric error modeling method for over-constrained parallel mechanisms.     

国有企业经营者的激励总是及其对策

首先分析了我国国有企业经营者的激励问题及其产生原因，在此基础上提出了解决我国国有企业经营者激励问题的构想。     

误入冰雪--四姑娘山穿越记

四姑娘山今年的雨季来得特别的早,特别的长,我们去之前日隆镇已经下了整整一个月的雨,山里更是白雪覆盖。这时也是四姑娘山的花季,为了能一睹似锦的繁花,我们按计划从双桥沟穿越到长坪沟。