直升机/粒子分离器一体化流场特性: 第一部分 前进比的影响

针对典型布局条件下直升机/粒子分离器的一体化流动特性进行了仿真研究.利用相关试验数据对仿真方法的有效性进行了检验,将整体式粒子分离器安装至类“阿帕奇”直升机外型上,形成了一种典型直升机/粒子分离器布局方案,并分析了其在不同前进比下的一体化流场特性.结果表明:较高前进比下,在粒子分离器进口上游的齿轮箱外罩上出现了复杂的三维流动分离,使得粒子分离器在较不均匀的进口来流条件下工作.与独立粒子分离器状态相比,一体化条件下粒子分离器主流出口、扫气流出口的总压损失均有所加大,增幅分别为1%和8%.      

余度飞控计算机可靠性分析及其改进

综述了飞控计算机的工作任务、余度结构以及可靠性，结合新一代飞控计算机对高可靠性、实时性的要求，及目前飞控计算机余度构型进行了比较和可靠性分析，并提出了改进的三余度比较监控结构。     

Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of EB-PVD Film:Effects of Substrate Temperature

The 2D kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation was used to study the effects of different substrate temperatures on the microstruc-ture of Ni-Cr films in the process of deposition by the electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). In the KMC model, substrate was assumed to be a “surface” of tight-packed rows, and the simulation includes two phenomena: adatom-surface collision and adatom diffusion. While the interaction between atoms was described by the embedded atom method, the jumping energy was calculated by the molecular static (MS) calculation. The initial location of the adatom was defined by the Momentum Scheme. The results reveal that there exists a critical substrate temperature which means that the lowest packing density and the highest surface roughness structure will be achieved when the temperature is lower than the smaller critical value, while the roughness of both surfaces and the void contents keep decreasing with the substrate temperature increasing until it reaches the higher critical value. The results also indicate that the critical substrate temperature rises as the deposition rate increases.     

组织类型对钛合金损伤容限性能的影响及电镜原位观察

采用扫描电镜(SEM)原位拉伸、原位疲劳方法研究TA15钛合金三种类型组织的裂纹尖端形状和疲劳裂纹扩展速率及扩展过程,并与宏观力学性能对比.结果表明,片状组织由于裂尖钝化、裂纹扩展路径曲折及分枝,损伤容限性能比等轴、双态组织好,即断裂韧性最高,疲劳裂纹扩展速率最低.     

表面活性剂对煤沥青浸渍性能的影响

研究了表面活性剂对煤沥青浸渍性能的影响.实验结果表明:加入少量的表面活性剂后,煤沥青的软化点、粘度等流变性能都得到较大幅度的改善,而残炭率影响不大.对表面活性剂改性煤沥青的机理进行了比较深入地探讨.     

多变量飞控系统稳定裕度的μ分析方法研究

提出了一种采用μ方法分析多变量飞控系统稳定裕度的新方法,并通过在回路中添加对角乘性摄动矩阵,建立了多变量系统鲁棒稳定裕度与经典的幅值-相角裕度之间的对应关系,给出了二者的对应关系图。最后,以某型飞机横侧向回路为例,验证了方法的有效性和优越性。     

不同环境因素对引压管腔动态特性影响

为了探索引压管腔在动态压力校准和使用中不同环境因素对动态特性的影响,推导了管腔传压模型和谐振频率关系式,确立了影响管腔动态特性的参数,包括静态压力、温度、气体介质等。采用引压管腔专用实验装置进行了不同环境参数状态的实验验证,结果表明:静态压力仅会影响管腔在谐振频率附近的输出,随着静态压力的增大而非线性增大,对动态特性并无明显改变;温度会改变管腔的谐振频率和动态特性,随着温度的升高,谐振频率增大但输出幅值随之减小;气体介质的不同会彻底改变管腔动态特性,主要取决于介质的声速。该研究为引压管腔在使用环境下数据的评价和数据修正上提供了一定参考依据。     

基于IPSO-Elman神经网络的飞机客舱能耗预测

为了提高飞机客舱使用地面空调制冷时客舱能耗的预测精度,提出了一种改进的粒子群优化（IPSO）Elman神经网络的飞机客舱能耗预测模型。依据对算法中惯性权重与学习因子的收敛域分析,得出了二者合理的取值范围,将粒子到全局最优位置间距离与参数的取值范围相结合,构造了惯性权重与学习因子的动态调节函数,对其进行非线性的动态调节,并引入了变异因子,提出了一种跳出局部最优的策略,防止粒子群优化（PSO）陷入局部最优。将IPSO-Elman应用于Boeing738飞机客舱能耗预测中,与PSO-Elman、Elman算法进行性能比较,仿真结果表明基于IPSO-Elman的客舱能耗预测模型在预测精度和收敛速度方面均有一定的提升。该研究结果为飞机客舱能耗预测模型的建立提供了理论依据,对飞机地面空调的节能与机场电能合理调配提供了支持。     

涡桨飞机螺旋桨滑流气动干扰效应及流动机理

螺旋桨滑流对飞机各气动部件的干扰是涡桨飞机气动设计中面临的难点之一。以某双发涡桨支线客机为对象,采用数值模拟手段分析了滑流对机翼、平尾、垂尾的影响及其流动机理。计算采用基于动态面搭接网格技术的非定常方法,气动力与表面压力分布的计算结果均与实验值吻合良好。研究结果表明：在滑流影响下,全机升力和阻力有所增加,升阻比和纵向静稳定度有所降低,并在无侧滑状态下产生了滚转力矩和偏航力矩;在不同展向位置,滑流对机翼表面流动分离的影响存在显著的差异。在螺旋桨下行运动一侧,滑流的旋转减小了当地迎角,同时桨后气流速度较高,翼面流动分离被有效抑制。在螺旋桨上行运动一侧,滑流的旋转增大了当地迎角,而且桨后气流速度较低,因而翼面流动分离并未得到明显改善;在中小迎角下,滑流对背景飞机平尾当地的动压没有产生影响,但增加了下洗角变化率,进而导致平尾效率降低;垂尾的侧力与偏航力矩是由滑流的侧洗引起的,而滑流的侧洗又与左右两侧机翼升力分布的不对称性有关。     

Assessment on critical technologies for conceptual design of blended-wing-body civil aircraft

Civil aviation faces great challenges because of its robust projected future growth and potential adverse environmental effects. The classical Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration following the Cayley's design principles has been optimized to the architecture's limit, which can hardly satisfy the further requirements on green aviation. By past decades' investigations the BlendedWing-Body(BWB) concept has emerged as a potential solution, which can simultaneously fulfill metrics of noise, emission and fuel burn. The purpose of the present work is to analyze the developments of critical technologies for BWB conceptual design from a historical perspective of technology progress. It was found that the high aerodynamic efficiency of BWB aircraft can be well scaled by the mean aerodynamic chord and wetted aspect ratio, and should be realized with the trade-offs among stability and control and low-speed performance. The structure concepts of non-cylinder pressurized cabin are of high risks on weight prediction and weight penalty. A static stability criterion is recommended and further clear and adequate criteria are required by the evaluations of flying and handling qualities. The difficulties of propulsion and airframe integration are analyzed. The energy to revenue work ratios of well-developed BWB configurations are compared,which are 31.5% and 40% better than that of TAW, using state-of-art engine technology and future engine technology, respectively. Finally, further study aspects are advocated.