镍基粉末高温合金的研究进展

镍基粉末高温合金主要应用于航空航天领域,是高推重比发动机的关键材料.本文综述了近年来国内外镍基粉末高温合金在成分设计、粉末制备、成形、烧结及后续热处理等方面的研究成果和存在的问题,提出了镍基粉末高温合金今后的发展方向.     

Strength design model for thin-walled structures

In this paper, the finite element analysis of the stress-strain state for cylindrical structures is discussed. In this case, various fundamental hypotheses can be used in the framework of a model that is of interest for design and optimization. Numerical examples are presented to evaluate the possibilities of this model.     

A Sequential Implementation of Optimal Array Processors

A sequential implementation of the likelihood ratio for doubly composite hypothesis array processing problems is presented in which the likelihood ratio is realized by an appropriate combination ion of single frequency components. The array processos decomposed in such a way that the actual a priori parameter knowledge dge need not be introduced until after a significant portion of the data processing has taken place.     

Optimum Windows for Image Registration

Two-dimensional cross-correlation techniques are applied to the problem of image registration under the assumption of small geometric distortion. Optimum window functions are derived for two performance measures of interest: peak-to-sidelobe ratio and mean-square registration error. The latter is examined in terms of the contribution caused by noise and the contribution caused by geometric distortion. A generalized Lagrange multiplier approach is used to derive approximate solutions assuming random images. The case of Gaussian autocorrelation functions is examined in detail. Results of applying the theoretically derived window functions to real data are presented, showing significant improvement in correlator performance.     

Planetary Atmospheric Electricity

“Life” is an empirical concept whose various definitions and phenomenological characterizations depend on historical frameworks. Although analysis of existing literature suggests that attempts to define life will remain, at best, a work in progress, the history of biology shows that some efforts have been more fruitful than others. There is a major distinction between natural selection—which is clearly a defining trait of biology—and the changes that result from purely physical chemical evolution, which can be observed in nonbiological complex systems. Accordingly, it can be concluded that life cannot be understood without considering the presence of genetic material and Darwinian evolution. This shows the usefulness of the suggestion that life can be considered as a self-sustaining chemical system (i.e., one that turns environmental resources into its own building blocks) that is capable of undergoing natural selection.     

Electrical Charging of Volcanic Plumes

Many explosive terrestrial volcanic eruptions are accompanied by lightning and other atmospheric electrical phenomena. The plumes produced generate large perturbations in the surface atmospheric electric potential gradient and high charge densities have been measured on falling volcanic ash particles. The complex nature of volcanic plumes (which contain gases, solid particles, and liquid drops) provides several possible charging mechanisms. For plumes rich in solid silicate particles, fractoemission (the ejection of ions and atomic particles during fracture events) is probably the dominant source of charge generation. In other plumes, such as those created when lava enters the sea, different mechanisms, such as boiling, may be important. Further charging mechanisms may also subsequently operate, downwind of the vent. Other solar system bodies also show evidence for volcanism, with activity ongoing on Io. Consequently, volcanic electrification under different planetary scenarios (on Venus, Mars, Io, Moon, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione and Triton) is also discussed.     

Nonparametric rank detectors on quantized radar video signals

Uniform randomization of ties is required for defining distribution-free ranks of independent and identically distributed quantized samples. Formulas of rank probabilities are given and applied to radar detection under quantized video samples. For some detectors, and assuming Gaussian noise, the asymptotic loss L_∞(q) is calculated versus the normalized quantization step q, and the loss L(q) is estimated by Monte Carlo simulations. Both of these resulted in monotonic functions of q (0<q<1.1) that are independent of the other parameters. Furthermore, L(q)≈L_∞(q )⩽0.45 dB, as q<0.8. The quantization step q is normalized with respect to the noise standard deviation     

基于知识的飞机制造协调路线交互设计技术

飞机制造协调路线是一种重要的工艺文件,是联系互换协调方案制订和容差分配的纽带。飞机制造协调路线的数字化设计对于开展计算机辅助容差设计,以及实施飞机数字化工艺具有重要意义。首先,对飞机制造协调路线的设计知识进行分类,建立其知识表示模型,并运用知识推理技术实现知识的应用。其次,建立了制造协调单元的图符库,运用图符智能捕捉技术辅助制造协调路线的交互式创建。最后,建立了飞机制造协调路线信息模型,进而实现了面向容差分配的规范化尺寸协调工艺文件自动生成,为计算机辅助容差设计提供技术支持。     

WHISPER, A RESONANCE SOUNDER AND WAVE ANALYSER: PERFORMANCES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR THE CLUSTER MISSION

The WHISPER sounder on the Cluster spacecraft is primarily designed to provide an absolute measurement of the total plasma density within the range 0.2–80 cm^-3. This is achieved by means of a resonance sounding technique which has already proved successful in the regions to be explored. The wave analysis function of the instrument is provided by FFT calculation. Compared with the swept frequency wave analysis of previous sounders, this technique has several new capabilities. In particular, when used for natural wave measurements (which cover here the 2–80 kHz range), it offers a flexible trade-off between time and frequency resolutions. In the basic nominal operational mode, the density is measured every 28 s, the frequency and time resolution for the wave measurements are about 600 Hz and 2.2 s, respectively. Better resolutions can be obtained, especially when the spacecraft telemetry is in burst mode. Special attention has been paid to the coordination of WHISPER operations with the wave instruments, as well as with the low-energy particle counters. When operated from the multi-spacecraft Cluster, the WHISPER instrument is expected to contribute in particular to the study of plasma waves in the electron foreshock and solar wind, to investigations about small-scale structures via density and high-frequency emission signatures, and to the analysis of the non-thermal continuum in the magnetosphere.     

Near Magnetic Field Investigation,Instrumentation, Spacecraft Magnetics and Data Access

The primary objective of the investigation is the search for a body-wide magnetic field of the near Earth asteroid Eros. The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) 3-axis fluxgate magnetometer includes a sensor mounted on the high-gain antenna feed structure. The NEAR Magnetic Facility Instrument (MFI) is a joint hardware effort between GSFC and APL. The design and magnetics approach achieved by the NEAR MFI effort entailed low-cost, up-front attention to engineering solutions which did not impact the schedule. The goal of the magnetometer is reliable magnetic field measurements within 5 nT, which necessitates the use of an extensive spacecraft magnetic interference model but is achievable with the full year's orbital data set. Such a goal has been shown viable with recent in-flight calibration data and comparisons to the WIND magnetometer data. The NEAR MFI effort has succeeded in providing magnetic field measurements for the first flight in NASA's Discovery line.