Heavy ion observations by MARIE in cruise phase and Mars orbit

The charged particle spectrum for nuclei from protons to neon, (charge Z=10) was observed during the cruise phase and orbit around Mars by the MARIE charged particle spectrometer on the Odyssey spacecraft. The cruise data were taken between April 23, 2001 and mid-August 2001. The Mars orbit data were taken March 5, 2002 through May 2002 and are scheduled to continue until August 2004. Charge peaks are clearly separated for charges up to Z=10. Especially prominent are the carbon and oxygen peaks, with boron and nitrogen also clearly visible. Although heavy ions are much less abundant than protons in the cosmic ray environment, it is important to determine their abundances because their ionization energy losses (proportional to Z²) are far more dangerous to humans and to instruments. Thus the higher charged nuclei make a significant contribution to dose and dose equivalent received in space. Results of the charged particle spectrum measurements will be reported.     

Static torsional otolith–cervical–ocular reflex after prolonged exposure to weightlessness and a 7-day immersion

To determine the role of the support-proprioceptive factor in the functioning of the vestibular system, in particular the static torsional otolith–cervical–ocular reflex (OCOR), comparative OCOR studies with videooculography recording were performed after a 7-day “dry” horizontal immersion (16 subjects) and after a prolonged (126–195 days) exposure to weightlessness (13 cosmonauts). For the first time, it was demonstrated that minimization of the support and proprioceptive afferentation may result in an inversion or absence of the static torsional OCOR and the development of a positional nystagmus with an inverted reflex. A comparative OCOR data analysis of cosmonauts and immersion subjects has revealed similarity of responses. However, changes in OCOR after immersion were noted in only 60% of the subjects, while after space flight, 90% of cosmonauts showed them. Post-flight changes were more frequent, marked and long-lasting. Statistical analysis has shown that there were significant differences between pre- and post-flight data according to both parametric and non-parametric methods of multiple comparisons, whereas only parametric methods have found significant differences within immersion data.     

SiO2-水纳米流体在波壁管内流动特性的实验研究

实验研究了不同质量分数的SiO2-水纳米流体在波壁管内的流动特性,由于波壁管自身的结构特点,使流体在较小雷诺数下达到湍流状态,可以方便测出流体在层流、过渡流、湍流区的流动特性.研究发现:相同温度条件下,纳米流体的粘度随着质量分数的提高而增大;流动可视化照片显示纳米流体中由于内部纳米粒子的微运动促使流体均匀性更好;沿程阻力测试表明在层流区内摩擦系数随纳米流体质量分数的增加而增大,在过渡流和湍流区内摩擦系数随质量分数增加变化不大.     

考虑寄生参数的集成电路ESD损伤仿真方法

在传统的基于设计电路的ESD (Electro-Static Discharge)损伤仿真中,通常不考虑版图物理结构的影响,其仿真结果往往与实际损伤情况出现较大偏差,因此提出了一种考虑版图设计中寄生参数的集成电路ESD损伤的仿真方法.首先给出了仿真应用的具体分析流程.然后按照经验公式提取法明确了各种寄生参数的计算模型.最后,以集成运算放大器LM741为例,对其进行了ESD损伤模拟,再通过击打实验、失效定位与电性能测试,结果表明:仿真与实验结果具有较好的一致性,验证了该方法的有效性.      

φ5m立式风洞结构设计

φ5m立式风洞是我国第一座大型立式风洞.开口单回流形式且垂直布置的大尺寸风洞结构是该风洞的显著特点,也是该风洞与常规低速风洞结构的重要区别,笔者针对φ5m立式风洞垂直布置的结构特点主要介绍了该风洞的结构设计概况.该风洞采用钢结构、玻璃钢结构和砼结构相结合的混合结构形式,较好地解决了洞体整体稳定性、洞体悬臂结构的支撑、第一扩散段悬置、大型结构构件的安装、定位和联接、大型设备(特别动力电机)维护保养等问题.     

鼓包对双立尾/三角翼立尾抖振的影响

为了研究鼓包对立尾抖振的影响,在北航的水槽和风洞中进行了在机翼头部放置了鼓包的75°后掠双立尾-三角翼的立尾抖振实验,采用了流动显示、立尾表面动态压力测量、激光测立尾顶部加速度的实验来检验鼓包对立尾抖振减缓的效果.流动显示的实验结果表明三角翼机翼头部加上鼓包后,前缘涡涡核会发生弯曲和扭转,这在一定程度上减弱了前缘涡.激光测立尾顶部加速度实验的结果表明,在25°到48°这段立尾抖振比较显著的迎角范围内,A1立尾位置的立尾抖振强度曲线比无鼓包的曲线数值上有明显的减小,抖振得到一定的改善.立尾表面动态压力的脉动强度也有明显的减小,前缘涡涡核的弯曲和扭转起到了减缓立尾抖振的作用.     

Evaluation and reduction of multipath-induced bias on GPS time-of-arrival

New expressions are presented for the multipath-induced pseudorange error (i.e. bias) and variance introduced by multipath onto the time-of-arrival estimate obtained using a noncoherent early-late gate discriminator. The results include the effect of front-end bandwidth and early-late gate spacing. We also investigate a blind method for cancelling the multipath, in order to improve the time-of-arrival estimate. Our approach uses early-late gate processing on an objective function derived from an adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filter that attempts to match the crosscorrelation of the received signal with a multipath-free replica of the desired crosscorrelation. This method performs reasonably well, and decreases the multipath-induced pseudorange error by approximately a factor of 2, even in very stressing multipath environments.     

L'avion,plateforme d'observations scientifiques

Transition between high altitude manned observatories and unmanned balloon-borne or rocket-borne experiments is achieved with high flying aircrafts, at altitudes above tropopause (>12 km), which became readily available, at reasonable cost and reliability, in the past five or ten years.This paper reviews the development of scientific uses of aircrafts, especially for astronomy and geophysics, with some emphasis placed on infrared problems, closely related to the scale height of the chief infrared absorber, i.e. telluric water vapor.Absorbers distribution vs altitude and spectral characteristics are summarized (Figures 1, 2, 3).Capabilities of various available aircrafts are compared (Table I) and the various ways to consider modifications are discussed: structural modifications or design problems to fit telescopes or light collectors on board. Tables II and III list the advantages of airborne observations, compared to other spatial carriers, and also the specific problems connected with aircrafts. Adopted solutions to these problems are exposed (Figures 4, 5, 6, 7) and costs are briefly discussed.Finally, a few examples of scientific results, gathered in the few past years from aircraft, are given, both in astronomy and in geophysics.