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81.
Human exposure to large solar particle events in space. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
L W Townsend J W Wilson J L Shinn S B Curtis 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1992,12(2-3):339-348
Whenever energetic solar protons produced by solar particle events traverse bulk matter, they undergo various nuclear and atomic collision processes which significantly alter the physical characteristics and biologically important properties of their transported radiation fields. These physical interactions and their effect on the resulting radiation field within matter are described within the context of a recently developed deterministic, coupled neutron-proton space radiation transport computer code (BRYNTRN). Using this computer code, estimates of human exposure in interplanetary space, behind nominal (2 g/cm2) and storm shelter (20 g/cm2) thicknesses of aluminum shielding, are made for the large solar proton event of August 1972. Included in these calculations are estimates of cumulative exposures to the skin, ocular lens, and bone marrow as a function of time during the event. Risk assessment in terms of absorbed dose and dose equivalent is discussed for these organs. Also presented are estimates of organ exposures for hypothetical, worst-case flare scenarios. The rate of dose equivalent accumulation places this situation in an interesting region of dose rate between the very low values of usual concern in terrestrial radiation environments and the high dose rate values prevalent in radiation therapy. 相似文献
82.
Hegg J.W. Smith M.P. Yount L. Todd J. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》1995,10(7):31-34
This paper discusses the advantages of incorporating active sidesticks into a modern aircraft cockpit. Active sidestick controllers for manual pilot inputs in pitch and roll are examined for commercial transport aircraft. Options and requirements for sidesticks are reviewed. The recommendation of an active sidestick controller is developed providing both cross-cockpit coupling and autopilot backdrive capability. These characteristics provide pilot cues identical to traditional cable-linked column/yoke configurations 相似文献
83.
An analysis is presented that forms the basis for an algorithm for calculating the IGBT losses in a power factor correction (PFC) circuit. The method employs experimental data from an off-line test circuit that closely resembles the switching conditions in the actual PFC. This technique provides calculated values of both the conduction and switching losses of the main transistor in a boost-type PFC circuit. Results for a 6 kW PFC are included 相似文献
84.
Carol L. Carnett 《Space Policy》1993,9(4):329-341
This article is a synthesis of interviews with women working and writing in the areas of space law and policy. One initial focus of the interviews was to explore whether, as a result of the growing numbers of women working in aerospace-related fields, there might be certain women's agendas developing as well. Taken together, the responses of the 10 women interviewed clearly acknowledge the importance of the feminine perspective, while rejecting the appropriateness or necessity of concentration on specific ‘women's issues’ and favouring cooperative efforts to address problems of global concern. 相似文献
85.
Hwu S.U. Loh Y.C. Dobbins J.A. Kroll Q.D. Sham C.C. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》2005,20(10):9-14
Computational investigations and experimental measurements were performed to evaluate the Space Shuttle UHF communication system performance for payload bay antenna at the proposed new location. To insure adequate communication coverage at relocated new location, the link margin for the Extravehicular Activity (EVA) astronauts and between Space Shuttle Orbiter and International Space Station (SSO-ISS) during rendezvous were analyzed. The multipath effects from the vehicle structures surrounding the antenna were investigated. The Radio Frequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation to the Orbiter Docking System (ODS) pyrotechnics was also analyzed to ensure the EMC/EMI compliances. 相似文献
86.
87.
D.I. Kosenko S.I. Blinnikov K.A. Postnov P. Lundqvist E.I. Sorokina 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2004,34(12):2705-2710
Time-dependent thermal X-ray spectra are calculated from physically plausible conditions around GRB. It is shown that account for time-dependent ionization processes strongly affects the observed spectra of hot rarefied plasma. These calculations may provide an alternative explanation to the observed X-ray lines of early GRBs afterglows (such as GRB 011211). Our technique will allow one to obtain independent constraints on the GRB collimation angle and on the clumpiness of circumstellar matter. 相似文献
88.
The fine structure of the Auroral Kilometric Radiation (AKR) is studied using multicomponent measurements of the electric component of the electromagnetic field in the frequency band 4 kHz–1 MHz (the POLRAD experiment onboard the INTERBALL-2 satellite). Special attention is paid to the measurements near the source of the AKR: under conditions when the lower boundary of the emission range descended sufficiently low, down to the local gyrofrequency of electrons. From the analysis of the electric field structure the conclusion is drawn that the bulk of the AKR power is carried by the signal component fast variable in time and frequency (flickering component). The power of a constant component (continuum) is lower by at least an order of magnitude. During strong bursts of the AKR, the relative contribution of the flickering component increases. The spatial structure of the zone of generation has at least three characteristic scales along and across the magnetic field. 相似文献
89.
A Izumi-Kurotani M Yamashita Y Kawasaki 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1992,12(1):263-266
Japanese treefrogs (Hyla japonica) are planned to be sent to the space station MIR. Experimental system was developed to observe their behaviors under microgravity. 相似文献
90.
Teofilo V.L. Merritt L.V. Hollandsworth R.P. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》1997,12(11):30-36
A lithium ion battery charger has been developed for four and eight cell batteries or multiples thereof. This charger has the advantage over those using commercial lithium ion charging chips in that the individual cells are allowed to be taper charged at their upper charging voltage rather than be cutoff when all cells of the string have reached the upper charging voltage limit. Since 30-60% of the capacity of lithium ion cells may be restored during the taper charge, this charger has a distinct benefit of fully charging lithium ion batteries by restoring all of the available capacity to all of its cells 相似文献