Composition and Measurement of Charged Atmospheric Clusters

Atmospheric charged clusters are formed in a series of rapid chemical reactions after ionisation, leaving a central ion X⁺ or X^? clustered with n ligands (Y) _n . In solar system tropospheres and stratospheres there are two distinct cluster regimes: the terrestrial planets contain largely hydrated clusters (i.e. Y=H₂O), whereas the gas planets and their moons have organic or nitrogenated cluster species. These classifications are largely based on model predictions, since hardly any measurements are available. The few existing composition measurements are reviewed, including the recent detection of massive charged particles in Titan’s upper atmosphere. Technologies for both remote sensing and in situ measurements of atmospheric charged clusters are discussed. Preliminary measurements in the terrestrial atmosphere are presented indicating that ambient charged cluster species interact with downwelling infra-red radiation at 9.15 μm, even in the presence of cloud. This supports the possibility of future infrared detection of charged clusters.     

基于知识的飞机制造协调路线交互设计技术

飞机制造协调路线是一种重要的工艺文件,是联系互换协调方案制订和容差分配的纽带。飞机制造协调路线的数字化设计对于开展计算机辅助容差设计,以及实施飞机数字化工艺具有重要意义。首先,对飞机制造协调路线的设计知识进行分类,建立其知识表示模型,并运用知识推理技术实现知识的应用。其次,建立了制造协调单元的图符库,运用图符智能捕捉技术辅助制造协调路线的交互式创建。最后,建立了飞机制造协调路线信息模型,进而实现了面向容差分配的规范化尺寸协调工艺文件自动生成,为计算机辅助容差设计提供技术支持。     

Long-term preservation of microbial ecosystems in permafrost.

It has been established that significant numbers (up to 10 million cells per gram of sample) of living microorganisms of various ecological and morphological groups have been preserved under permafrost conditions, at temperatures ranging from -9 to -13 degrees C and depths of up to 100 m, for thousands and sometimes millions of years. Preserved since the formation of permafrost in sand-clay sediments of the Pliocene-Quaternary period and in paleosols and peats buried among them, these cells art the only living organisms that have survived for a geologically significant period of time. The complexity of the microbial community preserved varies with the age of the permafrost. Eukaryotes are found only in Holocene sediments; while prokaryotes are found to greater ages, i.e., Pliocene and Pleistocene. The diversity of microorganisms decreases with increasing age of sediments, and as a result cocci and corynebacteria are predominant. Enzyme activity (catalase and hydrolytic enzymes) and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and pheophytin have also been detected in permafrost sediments. These results permit us to outline some approaches to the search for traces of life in the permafrost of Martian sediments by borehole core sampling. It is in the deep horizons (and not on the planet surface), isolated by permafrost from the external conditions, that results similar to those obtained on Earth can be expected.     

Precision bone and muscle loss measurements by advanced, multiple projection DEXA (AMPDXA) techniques for spaceflight applications.

An advanced, multiple projection, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (AMPDXA) scanner system is under development. The AMPDXA is designed to make precision bone and muscle loss measurements necessary to determine the deleterious effects of microgravity on astronauts as well as develop countermeasures to stem their bone and muscle loss. To date, a full size test system has been developed to verify principles and the results of computer simulations. Results indicate that accurate predictions of bone mechanical properties can be determined from as few as three projections, while more projections are needed for a complete, three-dimensional reconstruction.     

基于三次样条插值的时滞GDM(1,2)模型构建及应用

针对具有时滞特征的输入输出系统,建立了灰色时滞GDM(1,2)模型。并结合三次样条插值和粒子群优化算法,求解出模型的3个参数[a,b,τ]。相对于先利用灰关联分析确定出时滞参数τ再求解灰预测模型的方法,把时滞参数τ融入模型中求解,避免了参数求解过程中的误差传递;并且还消除了时滞参数τ必须为整数的限制,使模型更加贴合现实中滞后期数不一定为整数的实际情况。最后将模型应用于公路旅客周转量的预测问题,实例表明该模型在具有时滞特征的输入输出系统预测中具有较高的精度。