An application of the weighted horizontal magnetic gradient to solar compact and eruptive events

We propose to apply the weighted horizontal magnetic gradient (${\mathit{WG}}_M$), introduced in Korsós et al., 2015, for analysing the pre-flare and pre-CME behaviour and evolution of Active Regions (ARs) using the SDO/HMI-Debrecen Data catalogue. To demonstrate the power of investigative capabilities of the ${\mathit{WG}}_M$ method, in terms of flare and CME eruptions, we studied two typical ARs, namely, AR 12158 and AR 12192. The choice of ARs represent canonical cases. AR 12158 produced an X1.6 flare with fast “halo” CME ($v_{\mathit{linear}}$ = 1267 $\text{km}{\text{s}}^{-1}$) while in AR 12192 there occurred a range of powerful X-class eruptions, i.e. X1.1, X1.6, X3.1, X1.0, X2.0 and X2.0-class energetic flares, interestingly, none with an accompanying CME. The value itself and temporal variation of ${\mathit{WG}}_M$ is found to possess potentially important diagnostic information about the intensity of the expected flare class. Furthermore, we have also estimated the flare onset time from the relationship of duration of converging and diverging motions of the area-weighted barycenters of two subgroups of opposite magnetic polarities. This test turns out not only to provide information about the intensity of the expected flare-class and the flare onset time but may also indicate whether a flare will occur with/without fast CME. We have also found that, in the case when the negative polarity barycenter has moved around and the positive one “remained” at the same coordinates preceding eruption, the flare occurred with fast “halo” CME. Otherwise, when both the negative and the positive polarity barycenters have moved around, the AR produced flares without CME. If these properties found for the movement of the barycenters are generic pre-cursors of CME eruption (or lack of it), identifying them may serve as an excellent pre-condition for refining the forecast of the lift-off of CMEs.     

辅助工程师设计的知识融合设计方法:卫星舱布局设计(英文)

卫星舱布局设计属工程系统设计问题,为用传统计算方法难以解决的问题,该问题具有三重难度:工程复杂性、计算复杂性和达到工程实用难。卫星布局设计师的成功经验表明,它需要依赖设计师的经验和智慧、借鉴先验知识和辅以计算进行设计,并实现人机结合。本文的人机结合方法采用在线人知识、在线计算知识和先验知识(如参考布局施工图)的知识融合方法,并在卫星布局CAD、仿真与评价系统平台上实现,发挥人机各自特长。主要研究:(1)设计知识:包括在线人知识、在线计算知识和先验知识的表达;(2)上述3类知识的广义描述模型及其知识融合方法;(3)人的作用。经以简化的国际通信卫星舱布局设计为例的数值实验验证,表明了本文方法的可行性。     

基于灵活磨削空间的面向复杂型面工件的机器人砂带磨削系统的结构尺寸优化研究(英文)

为了提高机器人砂带磨削系统加工复杂型面工件的磨削质量,提出了灵活磨削点和灵活磨削空间的概念,并且对其进行了定义。分析了影响灵活磨削空间的各种因素,提出了确定灵活磨削空间的方法。基于粒子群法,提出了一种通过优化磨削机器人的结构尺寸以及机器人相对于磨削轮的位置关系以获得足够灵活磨削空间的策略。最后,以磨削航空发动机叶片为例,利用本文提出的优化策略对一台专用的PPPRRR型磨削机器人的结构尺寸以及此机器人相对于磨削轮的位置关系进行了优化。仿真结果表明,如果叶片被置于此灵活磨削空间内,那么仅需使用一套夹具和一台磨削机即可实现复杂型面的磨削。     

Radiation from accreting magnetized neutron stars

We review some recent developments in our understanding of accreting magnetized neutron stars. A brief summary of the observations is given, on which current phenomenological models are based. The main part of this paper is a discussion of recent work by several groups on the radiative transfer problem in a strong magnetic field and its application to models of the structure and properties of self-consistent neutron star polar cap emission regions. The assumptions and uncertainties involved are discussed, recent progress is evaluated, and current and future problems are indicated.Smithsonian Visiting Scientist, partially supported through NASA Grant NAGW-246, on leave from Max-Planck-Institut für Physik und Astrophysik MPA, Garching.     

Experimental study of flare-generated collisionless interplanetary shock wave propagation

This paper presents a review of the general properties of flare-generated collisionless interplanetary shock wave propagation, determined from multiple spacecraft plasma and magnetic field observations and by means of interplanetary scintillation of radio sources.An invited paper presented at STIP Workshop on Shock Waves in the Solar Corona and Interplanetary Space, 15–19 June, 1980, Smolenice, Czechoslovakia.     

The PROCESS experiment: amino and carboxylic acids under Mars-like surface UV radiation conditions in low-earth orbit

The search for organic molecules at the surface of Mars is a top priority of the next Mars exploration space missions: Mars Science Laboratory (NASA) and ExoMars (ESA). The detection of organic matter could provide information about the presence of a prebiotic chemistry or even biological activity on this planet. Therefore, a key step in interpretation of future data collected by these missions is to understand the preservation of organic matter in the martian environment. Several laboratory experiments have been devoted to quantifying and qualifying the evolution of organic molecules under simulated environmental conditions of Mars. However, these laboratory simulations are limited, and one major constraint is the reproduction of the UV spectrum that reaches the surface of Mars. As part of the PROCESS experiment of the European EXPOSE-E mission on board the International Space Station, a study was performed on the photodegradation of organics under filtered extraterrestrial solar electromagnetic radiation that mimics Mars-like surface UV radiation conditions. Glycine, serine, phthalic acid, phthalic acid in the presence of a mineral phase, and mellitic acid were exposed to these conditions for 1.5 years, and their evolution was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy after their retrieval. The results were compared with data from laboratory experiments. A 1.5-year exposure to Mars-like surface UV radiation conditions in space resulted in complete degradation of the organic compounds. Half-lives between 50 and 150?h for martian surface conditions were calculated from both laboratory and low-Earth orbit experiments. The results highlight that none of those organics are stable under low-Earth orbit solar UV radiation conditions.     

持续推进地球轨道转移的直接优化方法(英文)

对于一大类时间最省(单次推进)和燃料最省(多次推进)的中等推力水平持续推进地球轨道转移问题,本文给出了一种系统的直接优化方法。首先,对于具有倾角和偏心率的目标轨道,我们介绍了一种惯性坐标转换方法得到更具一般性的末端约束条件。这个转换避免了逆行赤道轨道对春分点轨道根数引起的奇异,同时也提高了求解优化问题的收敛性。多次打靶法在本文中也得到了应用,给出了针对不同形式的轨道转移如何分配多次打靶变量的方法。基于惯性坐标转换和多次打靶法,最优控制问题转换为利用非线性规划法求解的参数优化问题。本文给出了单次推进时间最省以及多达12次推进燃料最省的轨道转移仿真结果,所有收敛结果均以简单定义的初值迭代得到。最后,我们讨论了利用模型预测控制进行自主制导的潜在方案。