关于电磁干扰环境构建问题的思考

对电磁干扰环境进行逼真构建是武器装备开展抗干扰试验的基础,通过分析防空反导武器实战中面临的典型电磁干扰环境,建立一套可操作的试验电磁干扰环境构建方法,对防空反导武器的研制、部队训练与演习等具有重大意义.分析了国外电磁干扰环境构建的研究现状,提出了基于干扰场景、干扰技术和干扰战术的等效构建方法.     

基于随机模型近似的再入目标自适应跟踪算法

针对再入目标跟踪问题,基于加速度动力学模型和随机模型近似思想,提出了分段匀Jerk自适应模型及跟踪算法.该算法引入Jerk动力学模型和Jerk分段均匀假设,给出了机动加速度的递推模型;根据随机模型近似思想提出了新的过程噪声定义方法并给出了分段匀Jerk模型和过程噪声的自适应方法;结合状态扩展方法和分离差分滤波算法实现了再入目标的实时自适应跟踪.仿真实验表明,相比基于分段匀加速模型的跟踪算法,该算法在保证了再入目标稳态跟踪精度的同时,对目标突变状态具有较强的跟踪能力.      

XY-SAS模型中不同网格尺度限制器的影响分析

XY-SAS(Xu & Yan Scale Adaptive Simulation)模型通过在SA(Spalart-Allmaras)模型耗散项的湍流尺度中引入基于平均涡量的冯卡门长度尺度,在不稳定流动区域具有类似LES(Large Eddy Simulation)的计算性能,且不存在DES(Detached Eddy Simulation)方法中RANS(Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes)与LES的交界面问题.由于SAS类模型预测的湍流能谱存在高波数衰减不足的缺陷,需要进一步在湍流尺度中引入网格尺度作为限制器.采用不同形式的网格尺度限制器构造了3种XY-SAS模型,对Re=3 900的圆柱绕流进行数值模拟,并与DES及实验数据进行比较.结果表明网格尺度限制器对XY-SAS模型的计算性能有较大影响,以最小网格间距作为高波数衰减限制器是较为合理的选择,此时模型对于大分离流动能够达到DES的模拟能力.     

虹湾地区高分辨率成像轨控方案

为了获取分辨率更高的全月面图像数据,并对嫦娥三号任务预选着落区之一的虹湾地区进行高分辨率成像,“嫦娥二号”卫星提高了CCD立体相机的分辨率,并通过降轨机动进一步降低轨道高度,在远月点高度100km和近月点高度15 km的椭圆轨道(简称试验轨道)的近月点附近对虹湾地区进行高分辨率成像.由于卫星能源的限制,卫星在该轨道上不能长时间停留.为了保证成像质量,要求太阳高度角必须高于15°.另外,必须有足够的测控弧段来满足测定轨道精度要求.这些约束条件都对该轨道的控制实施方案设计提出了很高的要求.文章结合嫦娥一号任务的工程实践经验,基于中国自身的测控资源和测控条件,对试验轨道进行了特性分析,根据成像约束条件和测定轨要求,给出了试验轨道的控制计算方案,提出了固定开机时刻和燃料最优两种计算方法解算控制参数.计算结果和误差分析结果表明卫星在试验轨道内满足安全和成像要求,确认了该方案的正确性和可行性.     

加速度计加速退化机理一致性边界确定方法

以加速退化模型——Arrhenius模型为研究对象,发现加速度计在加速试验过程中,保持加速机理不变的应力与退化轨迹斜率存在密切关系.通过针对退化轨迹模型分别为一次函数、指数函数和幂函数三种常见情况,从激活能不变角度推导出保证加速度计加速机理不变的应力-斜率公式,然后基于退化轨迹斜率区间检验提出了一种加速机理一致性条件确定方法,最后根据加速度计恒定高温标度因数稳定性退化仿真试验数据,准确得到了保持加速度计标度因数稳定性退化机理一致的应力边界,验证了该方法的可行性.     

Niyama判据对铸件缩孔缩松预测的适用性

应用ProCAST有限元模拟软件包的Niyama判据对TiAl合金十字板状铸件中肉眼可见的宏观缩孔缩松进行了预测,并通过实验进行了验证.结果表明:对于Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb合金十字板状铸件,判据值主要受到铸件壁厚(冷速)的影响,判据值随铸件壁厚的增加而增大,宏观缩孔缩松最严重的区域不是判据值最小的区域,而判据值最小的区域只有显微缩松而没有宏观缩孔缩松,所以无法根据判据值大小来确定宏观缩孔和宏观缩松产生的位置及大小.分析表明,Niyama判据是一种基于枝晶间显微缩松的预测判据,其判据值适用于评定显微缩松产生的倾向性,可以较准确地预测出显微缩松产生的位置.由于宏观缩孔和宏观缩松形成机理与显微缩松不同,所以不宜用于壁厚悬殊的复杂铸件宏观缩孔缩松的预测.      

Imaging interplanetary CMEs at radio frequency from solar polar orbit

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) represent a great concentration of mass and energy input into the lower corona. They have come to be recognized as the major driver of physical conditions change in the Sun–Earth system. Consequently, observations of CMEs are important for understanding and ultimately predicting space weather conditions. This paper discusses a proposed mission, the Solar Polar Orbit Radio Telescope (SPORT) mission, which will observe the propagation of interplanetary CMEs to distances of near 0.35 AU from the Sun. The orbit of SPORT is an elliptical solar polar orbit. The inclination angle between the orbit and ecliptic plane should be about 90°. The main payload on board SPORT will be an imaging radiometer working at the meter wavelength band (radio telescope), which can follow the propagation of interplanetary CMEs. The images that are obtained by the radio telescope embody the brightness temperature of the objectives. Due to the very large size required for the antenna aperture of the radio telescope, we adopt interferometric imaging technology to reduce it. Interferometric imaging technology is based on indirect spatial frequency domain measurements plus Fourier transformation. The SPORT spacecraft will also be equipped with a set of optical and in situ measurement instruments such as a EUV solar telescope, a solar wind ion instrument, an energetic particle detector, a magnetometer, a wave detector and a solar radio burst spectrometer.     

Leaf proteomic analysis of three rice heritable mutants after seed space flight

To explore the proteomic changes of heritable variant rice plants induced by space environment, three mutants were selected after seed space flight by comparing the phenotypes with their on-ground controls. R955 grew more tillers and became dwarf, 971-5 acquired higher grain yield and better stress resistance, 974-5 matured earlier. Leaf proteins were extracted during the tiller development and analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE). More than 300 proteins were detected as reproducible Coomassie Brilliant Blue stained spots with pI values from around 4.0 to 7.0. Five proteins that changed significantly over the controls were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The main functions of these proteins were photosynthesis, stress defense and metabolism including RuBisCO activase, glycine rich RNA binding protein, peroxidase, triosephosphate isomerase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, which might be probably associated with the altered phenotypes. Quantitative analyses were also applied: less total protein spots and more down-regulated protein spots were detected in the mutants, indicating there might be a major loss of protein in heritable variant rice plants after seed space flight. These results may provide new insights to understand the biological effects of space environment to rice.     

MHD能量旁路超燃冲压发动机可行性分析

使用准一维模型对磁流体能量旁路超燃冲压发动机MPCE(Magneto-Plasma-Chemical Engine)进行了性能计算.考察了理想和非理想的超燃冲压发动机应用磁流体MHD(magnetohydrodynamics)能量旁路的效果,对于理想的超燃冲压发动机应用MHD反而会使发动机的性能降低;对于非理想的超燃冲压发动机,MHD的作用使发动机的比冲增加.考虑发动机工作的工程限制条件对超燃冲压发动机和MPCE的性能进行了比较,结果表明应用MHD可以扩大超燃冲压发动机的工作范围,在非设计马赫数下提高发动机的性能.计算了负载系数、通道压力系数等重要的设计参数对MPCE性能的影响,结果显示优化参数设置可以使发动机比冲增加,但是同时又会受到工程条件的限制.