Backstepping sliding-mode control of stratospheric airships using disturbance-observer

In the presence of unknown disturbances and model parameter uncertainties, this paper develop a nonlinear backstepping sliding-mode controller (BSMC) for trajectory tracking control of a stratospheric airship using a disturbance-observer (DO). Compared with the conventional sliding mode surface (SMS) constructed by a linear combination of the errors, the new SMS manifold is selected as the last back-step error to improve independence of the adjustment of the controller gains. Furthermore, a nonlinear disturbance-observer is designed to process unknown disturbance inputs and improve the BSMC performances. The closed-loop system of trajectory tracking control plant is proved to be globally asymptotically stable by using Lyapunov theory. By comparing with traditional backstepping control and SMC design, the results obtained demonstrate the capacity of the airship to execute a realistic trajectory tracking mission, even in the presence of unknown disturbances, and aerodynamic coefficient uncertainties.     

Quantitative Rectangular Notch Detection of Laser-induced Lamb Waves in Aluminium Plates with Wavenumber Analysis

It is difficult to quantitatively detect defects by using the time domain or frequency domain features of Lamb wave signals due to their dispersion and multimodal characteristics.Therefore,it is important to discover an intrinsical parameter of Lamb waves that could be used as a damage sensitive feature.In this paper,quantitative defect detection in aluminium plates is carried out by means of wavenumber analysis approach.The wavenumber of excited Lamb wave mode is a fixed value,given a frequency,a thickness and material properties of the target plate.When Lamb waves propagate to the structural discontinuity,new wavenumber components are created by abrupt wavefield change.The new wavenumber components can be identified in the frequency-wavenumber domain.To estimate spatially dependent wavenumber values,a short-space two-dimensional Fourier transform(FT)method is presented for processing wavefield data of Lamb waves.The results can be used to determine the location,size and depth of rectangular notch.The analysis techniques are demonstrated using simulation examples of an aluminium plate with a rectangular notch.Then,the wavenumber analysis method is applied to simulation data that are obtained through a range of notch depths and widths.The results are analyzed and rules of the technique with regards to estimating notch depth are determined.Based on simulation results,guidelines for using the technique are developed.Finally,experimental wavefield data are obtained in aluminium plates with rectangular notches by a full noncontact transceiving method,i.e.,laser-laser method.Band-pass filtering combined with continuous wavelet transform is used to extract a certain frequency component from the full laser-induced wavefield with wide band.Shortspace two-dimensional FT method is used for further processing full wavefield data at a certain frequency to estimate spatially dependent wavenumber values.The consistency of simulation and experimental results shows the effectiveness of proposed wavenumber method for quantitative rectangular notch detection.     

用RTR技术确定SRM燃烧室凝相粒子加入边界条件

由于缺乏有效的实验手段, 目前的ＳＲＭ 颗粒轨道模型很不完善, 其中粒子的加入边界条件完全是建立在人为假设的基础上。针对这种情况, 发展了一种以实验为基础的确定凝相粒子加入边界条件的方法, 首先利用ＲＴＲ技术对实验发动机热试车条件下凝相粒子的运动进行实验研究, 通过图象处理技术获得粒子的运动轨迹, 然后采用轨道模型法计算实验条件下凝相粒子的运动轨迹, 通过轨迹反推法给出了粒子加入边界条件。     

地下原油无缆电加热系统可靠性措施的计算机仿真与优化决策

本文根据给定的油井地质资料,用计算机对其进行拟合再现,着重讨论了井下原油无缆电加热系统的可靠性措施及其计算机仿真与优化决策方法。     

一种用于二维燃烧室流场计算的非结构网格的生成方法

本文依照Ｄｅｌａｕｎａｙ 准则构造二维非结构网格,并提出了一种与之相应的基于阵面推进法的自动生成新的内部节点的方法。文中给出了利用这一方法对边界形状复杂的燃烧室流场进行网格划分时,所得的非结构网格,及网格相应的质量统计特性。从这些算例可以看出,这一方法能够较好地适应复杂的几何外形,得到分布合理,并且大多数单元形状接近正三角形的非结构网格     

多元共渗处理提高高速钢刀具加工钛合金的切削性能

用硬质合金切削钛合金已在许多航空工厂得到广泛应用,但在许多情况下仍然需要用高速钢刀具加工钛合金。采用多元共渗强化处理是一种改善高速钢刀具切削性能的方法。这种技术具有变形小、节能、成本低等特点。W18Cr4V高速钢经S-O-N-C-B五元强化共渗后,金相组织分为表层的化合物层(几μm)及其下的扩散层。扩散层由于渗入了固溶的C和N,并存在弥散的析出强化相,B元素使晶格严重畸变,扩散层的硬。     

发动机飞行载荷可靠性分析

本文在大量飞行试验实际测量数据和相当数量外场使用数据上,进行较为全面统计分析,运用可靠性理论分析美军用标准发动机通用规范 ( MIL- E- 50 0 7D)和发动机结构完整性大纲( MIL - STD- 1783)有关设计任务论述,对用 2倍设计任务进行发动机低循环疲劳寿命计算和试验要求,作了理论性探讨,并为某发动机飞行试验实测数据的统计分析所证实。      

用有限元法分析接触问题的一种新的力学模型及计算方法

阐明了用有限元法计算物体接触问题的一种新的力学模型:主动接触体网格中一个节点与被动接触体单元中任意点相接触的模型,放弃了过去常用的节点对模型,为网格划分带来了便利。在这种模型下,给出了粘式、摩擦滑移、开式等接触边界条件。按照修正势能原理导出了对称的接触控制方程,可求解接触体具有非线性的静态/动态的接触问题。本文给出了在一次求解迭代后判断各节点新的接触状态的方法,可进一步决定是否和如何修改接触控制方程。      

国土卫星图象的校正方法

自国土普查卫星发射成功以来,针对国土星成象的几何特性,先后研制了一系列针对不同成象条件和地表状况的几何校正方法。文章的目的,就是对这些方法,从客观的角度,进行评述。找出存在的问题,并指出解决这些问题的方法。