超燃冲压发动机流场一维平均方法研究

介绍了多种平均方法,包括常用的流量或面积加权平均方法,以及CMME(流量/动量/能量守恒)方法和CMES(动量/能量/熵守恒)方法。以超燃冲压发动机进气道-燃烧室构型为对象,研究了不同平均方法得到的等效一维结果差异,以及不同平均方法的入口参数对超燃燃烧室一维计算结果的影响。结果表明:在超燃燃烧室多维热态仿真数据分析时,推荐使用通量守恒方法;CMES方法能准确的保留总压信息,CMME方法得到的总压损失会大于实际,在处理总压恢复性能时,CMES方法更优;亚燃模态时,CMME方法和CMES方法均不能反映隔离段激波串的渐变压缩;超燃模态时,CMES方法能较好地保持动量的近似守恒,在亚燃模态则较差;不同平均方法得到燃烧室入口参数的一维计算结果与三维流场等效一维沿程静压分布均存在一定偏差,Case1流量加权平均解误差高达27.8%,通量守恒解误差仅约13%,Case2流量加权平均解误差为14.9%,通量守恒解误差仅约5%,说明CMME方法与CMES方法符合程度更高,推力计算结果更为可信。     

进口畸变下新型处理机匣改善压气机性能的机理研究

为了揭示进口畸变下,处理机匣改善压气机性能的机理,采用全通道非定常计算方法研究了进口畸变时新型处理机匣-自适应流通处理机匣对亚声速轴流压气机性能及流场的影响,数值模拟中进口总压畸变通过在进口径向段布置栏杆实现。数值结果表明,进口畸变后采用自适应流通处理机匣能够提高转子的性能,其中效率的增加效果比总压比的明显,并获得近6.8%的综合失速裕度改进量。通过详细地分析压气机内部流场表明,处理机匣后使部分叶顶通道吸力面附面层分离起始位置向后缘移动,最大后移距离约为11%叶顶弦长,削弱了叶顶通道由气流分离造成的不良影响,并抑制叶顶间隙泄漏流从相邻叶片叶顶前缘的溢出,当喷气装置对准叶片通道时,其抑制前缘溢流的效果才是最佳的。     

单兵自主导航技术研究

针对美国MicroPNT计划中的单兵导航技术开展了理论分析、样机研制及试验工作,设计了单兵导航技术的基本原理、系统组成和基本算法,分析了室内作业的定位和指挥需求,分析了影响系统实现和定位精度的关键因素,研制了原理样机并开展了导航试验,结果表明：采用微机电惯导系统+零速修正的方案来实现单兵导航的方案是可行的;以目前微机电惯性仪表的性能水平,有望实现100米/小时的定位精度;随着微型惯性仪表性能的提高,有望在5-10年内实现定位精度10米/天的单兵自主导航系统。     

INS/SAR组合定位技术研究

主要研究了INS/SAR组合对运动目标的定位算法。首先,建立了INS/SAR组合定位系统数学模型;其次,基于卡尔曼滤波方法和alpha-beta滤波方法完成了INS/SAR组合定位算法设计;最后,考虑组合导航系统误差及导引头测量误差,对定位算法进行了数字仿真及性能分析。仿真结果表明,所设计的INS/SAR组合定位算法在远距对运动目标具有较高的定位精度。     

A numerical model for bird strike on sidewall structure of an aircraft nose

In order to examine the potential of using the coupled smooth particles hydrodynamic(SPH) and finite element(FE) method to predict the dynamic responses of aircraft structures in bird strike events, bird-strike tests on the sidewall structure of an aircraft nose are carried out and numerically simulated. The bird is modeled with SPH and described by the Murnaghan equation of state, while the structure is modeled with finite elements. A coupled SPH–FE method is developed to simulate the bird-strike tests and a numerical model is established using a commercial software PAM-CRASH. The bird model shows no signs of instability and correctly modeled the break-up of the bird into particles. Finally the dynamic response such as strains in the skin is simulated and compared with test results, and the simulated deformation and fracture process of the sidewall structure is compared with images recorded by a high speed camera. Good agreement between the simulation results and test data indicates that the coupled SPH–FE method can provide a very powerful tool in predicting the dynamic responses of aircraft structures in events of bird strike.     

SAGE模型在民航发动机排放中的应用研究

在日益关注排放尤其是航空排放的当代社会,Aero2k和SAGE模型应运而生,且SAGE模型的优势更为明显。对SAGE模型的起源和模型的功能做了简单的介绍,并详细分析了SAGE模型的计算模块。通过对SAGE模型计算航空排放的过程分析,设计了排放计算流程图,并将其编成了软件。利用该软件对某些航班计算出的排放量与实际值相差不大,从而证明了SAGE模型和该软件的可行性．并通过计算出的数据初步发现了排放量和燃油消耗量与发动机类型之间的联系．也为全面评估和预测某航空公司乃至全国的航空排放奠定了基础。     

低速高温燃气流热模拟试验方法和设备

对比分析了两种气流状态参数和两种加热情况下典型前缘部件表面热流密度的相似性,论证了利用亚声速高温燃气流加热方式进行近地空间高超声速飞行工况气动热模拟试验的可行性.针对高超声速飞行器典型钝头锥结构提出“小喷口低速高温燃气流+石英灯”组合热试验方案.通过采用新型高效双腔蒸发管型燃气发生器、新型带保温夹层和耐高温陶瓷内衬的水冷不锈钢高温管道结构,同时引入电加热器预热及燃烧室两路供油方案,使所建低速高温燃气流热试验设备产生燃气流温度达到2100K,φ250mm喷口处平均径向温度分布梯度约3K/mm,具有线性温度控制功能且稳态控制温差约46K,满足24km、马赫数为6典型高超声速飞行器工况驻点区域高温/大热流密度气动热试验要求.      

高涵道比发动机涡轮过渡流道性能模拟

采用数值模拟方法对高涵道比发动机涡轮过渡流道设计工况和非设计工况性能进行了详细分析,得出了与实验值较吻合的计算结果。数值结果与实验数据比较表明:所选的计算模型是可靠的,能够直接用来对带整流支板的涡轮过渡流道数值模拟;可以采用较紧凑的设计而得到对高压涡轮出口条件不敏感的低损失系统。     

Aero-engine fault diagnosis applying new fast support vector algorithm

A new fast learning algorithm was presented to solve the large-scale support vector machine ( SVM ) training problem of aero-engine fault diagnosis.The relative boundary vectors ( RBVs ) instead of all the original training samples were used for the training of the binary SVM fault classifiers.This pruning strategy decreased the number of final training sample significantly and can keep classification accuracy almost invariable.Accordingly , the training time was shortened to 1 / 20compared with basic SVM classifier.Meanwhile , owing to the reduction of support vector number , the classification time was also reduced.When sample aliasing existed , the aliasing sample points which were not of the same class were eliminated before the relative boundary vectors were computed.Besides , the samples near the relative boundary vectors were selected for SVM training in order to prevent the loss of some key sample points resulted from aliasing.This can improve classification accuracy effectively.A simulation example to classify 5classes of combination fault of aero-engine gas path components was finished and the total fault classification accuracy reached 96.1%.Simulation results show that this fast learning algorithm is effective , reliable and easy to be implemented for engineering application.     

带有支承不同心转子系统的动力响应

通过对转子结构和动力学特性的分析,利用Lagrange能量法建立了适应航空发动机柔性转子系统在不同心和不平衡激励作用下的动力学模型,揭示了转子振动响应中非线性振动特征的产生机理和影响因素.数值仿真结果表明:由于支承不同心量和不平衡力的共同作用,转子及其连接结构会发生复杂的非线性动力学变化,使转子系统振动响应呈现出非线性特征,包含1倍和2倍频分量,响应的幅值和频谱特征与不同心量和不平衡量的分布密切相关.