Fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making approach to prioritization of space debris for removal

As private companies and government space agencies begin to seriously consider the task of active space debris removal, it is becoming increasingly more important to determine the highest priority objects to deorbit. This work sets forth an approach for prioritization of space debris through the utilization of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methodologies and fuzzy logic, as well as both quantitative and qualitative criteria. The proposed debris prioritization approach considers various criteria including the orbit, size, mass, pairwise and total collision probabilities, and decay timeframe of each debris object. The means of assigning attributes to each assessment criterion is discussed in detail. To determine the weighting scheme for the criteria, a questionnaire was prepared and shared with experts in the field of space situational awareness. The work examines over two thousand critical debris objects selected from the existing debris catalog with respect to these criteria. The quantified attributes for each debris object are then aggregated through the fuzzy versions of the Analytic Hierarchy Process and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. The results of the analysis identify high-priority debris objects for removal from Earth-bound orbits.     

Numerical Simulation of Characteristics of CEX Ions in Ion Thruster Optical System

Charge exchange(CEX) ions could inflict severe damages on the ion thruster optical system. This article is aimed at investigating the characteristics of the CEX ions and their influences upon the optical system by means of particle-in- cell(PIC) ion simulation and Monte Carlo collision(MCC) methods. The results from numerical simulation indicate that despite the fact that CEX ions appear in the entire beamlet region near the ion optical system, the ones that present themselves downstream of the accelerator grid have good reason for attracting more attention. As their trajectories are significantly affected by the local electric field, a great number of CEX ions are accelerated toward grids resulting in sputtering erosion. When the influences of the CEX ions are considered in the numerical simulation, there could hardly be observed augments in the screen grid current, but the accelerator grid current increases from zero to 1. 4% of the beamlet current. It can be understood from the numerical simulation that the CEX ions formed in the region far downstream of the accelerator grid should be blamed for the erosion on the downstream surface of the accelerator grid.     

Potential Method in the Theory of Thermoelasticity with Microtemperatures for Microstretch Solids

The linear equilibrium theory of thermoelasticity with microtemperatures for microstretch solids is con- sidered. The basic internal and external boundary value problems （BVPs） are formulated and uniqueness theorems are given. The single-layer and double-layer thermoelastic potentials are constructed and their basic properties are established. The integral representation of general solutions is obtained. The existence of regular solutions of the BVPs is proved by means of the potential method （boundary integral method） and the theory of singular integral e- quations.     

局部弯矩对复合材料结构连接区的影响

本文选取部分不同连接形式的复合材料连接试验,首先按一般结构强度设计时将连接区视为理想化的模型预算结构破坏模式及最大承载值,再结合试验结果分析不同连接形式中影响破坏的关键原因,相互比较,寻求较合理的复合材料连接形式,避免复合材料结构连接设计中的不足。     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON R134A AIRBORNE VAPOR-COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

The airborne high power electrical equipments have been widely used in modern aircrafts, which conse- quently causes the dramatic increase of heating load up to dozens of kilowatts. Accordingly, vapor-compression re- frigeration system （VCRS） with lower engine bleed air and larger refrigeration capacity has been paid much atten- tion in recent years. Therefore, based on the analysis of the characteristics of VCRS, an experiment system of VCRS using R134a is set up to simulate operation performances. The influences of different parameters including evaporation pressure, condensing pressure, refrigerant mass flow rate and compressor rotation speed are also in- vestigated. The impacts of different parameters on the system performance are various. This work can help to es- tablish the specific control law under different work conditions.     

应用文教学与Web Quest模式

在传统的应用文教学中大多只是注重向学生讲授应用文的基本格式而忽略了教学方法的优化.应用文写作教学的整体优化原则要求按教学效果和时间耗费这两个准则来实施教学,研究应用文写作教学的组成要素以及这些要素之间的相互作用、相互联系,从而达到整体优化目标。论文通过分析应用文写作课程和Web Quest网络教学模式特点,结合教学经验探讨了Web Quest在应用文写作课程中的应用模式。     

"南北钦防"人力资源管理的思考

广西将启动"南北钦防北部湾城市群"协调发展规划,在北部湾地区形成大开发、大建设、大工业、大发展的格局。经济发展需要大量高素质的人才,建立"南北钦防"的人才高地是摆在我们面前非常重要而现实的问题,"南北钦防"的人力资源管理应该打破常规、不拘一格,不断健全激励制度、完善人才政策,为经济发展服务。     

Photochemical synthesis of citric acid cycle intermediates based on titanium dioxide

The emergence of the citric acid cycle is one of the most remarkable occurrences with regard to understanding the origin and evolution of metabolic pathways. Although the chemical steps of the cycle are preserved intact throughout nature, diverse organisms make wide use of its chemistry, and in some cases organisms use only a selected portion of the cycle. However, the origins of this cycle would have arisen in the more primitive anaerobic organism or even back in the proto-metabolism, which likely arose spontaneously under favorable prebiotic chemical conditions. In this context, we report that UV irradiation of formamide in the presence of titanium dioxide afforded 6 of the 11 carboxylic acid intermediates of the reductive version of the citric acid cycle. Since this cycle is the central metabolic pathway of contemporary biology, this report highlights the role of photochemical processes in the origin of the metabolic apparatus.     

The O/OREOS mission: first science data from the Space Environment Survivability of Living Organisms (SESLO) payload

We report the first telemetered spaceflight science results from the orbiting Space Environment Survivability of Living Organisms (SESLO) experiment, executed by one of the two 10?cm cube-format payloads aboard the 5.5?kg Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital Stresses (O/OREOS) free-flying nanosatellite. The O/OREOS spacecraft was launched successfully to a 72° inclination, 650?km Earth orbit on 19 November 2010. This satellite provides access to the radiation environment of space in relatively weak regions of Earth's protective magnetosphere as it passes close to the north and south magnetic poles; the total dose rate is about 15 times that in the orbit of the International Space Station. The SESLO experiment measures the long-term survival, germination, and growth responses, including metabolic activity, of Bacillus subtilis spores exposed to the microgravity, ionizing radiation, and heavy-ion bombardment of its high-inclination orbit. Six microwells containing wild-type (168) and six more containing radiation-sensitive mutant (WN1087) strains of dried B. subtilis spores were rehydrated with nutrient medium after 14 days in space to allow the spores to germinate and grow. Similarly, the same distribution of organisms in a different set of microwells was rehydrated with nutrient medium after 97 days in space. The nutrient medium included the redox dye Alamar blue, which changes color in response to cellular metabolic activity. Three-color transmitted intensity measurements of all microwells were telemetered to Earth within days of each of the 48?h growth experiments. We report here on the evaluation and interpretation of these spaceflight data in comparison to delayed-synchronous laboratory ground control experiments.     

双轨法D-InSAR形变测量的误差分析

以InSAR和双轨法D-InSAR基本原理为基础,推导出基线误差、卫星平台高程误差、相位测量误差、外部DEM误差以及大气延迟误差对双轨法D-InSAR形变测量影响的关系式,并对这些关系式进行分析,揭示了这些误差对双轨法D-InSAR形变测量影响的规律。