孔、轮廓和表面(十)

第七章座标镗床的运行操作 (一) 下面仅就机床的操作实践问题作一概括的介绍。当然,本文不可能完全预计到各类具体工件的所有要求和条件。工件的装夹——工件装夹在机床工作台上以后,就构成了工件相对于机床测量系统及主轴的几何关系。虽然装夹的形式可能是多种多样的,但应该确保的共同要求有如下几点: 1.工件表面或轴线对机床工作台的平行度以及工件边缘或轴线与工作台运动方向的找正。     

喷管型面及其缺陷对发动机效率的影响

通过6英寸直径火箭发动机的静态试车,并用独特的计算机编码进行数据处理,求出了11种不同喷管型面的喷管排出效率和推力效率。确定了具有尖角和大的喉部曲率半径的普通收敛—扩散喷管的效率基准值。用小的园周槽来模拟入口斜面和出口锥的粗糙度缺陷。出口锥的冲刷用切割1.5英寸和4英寸半径的单个园周糟来模拟。入口和出口锥面的小糟对喷管排出效率和推力效率没有多大影响。出口锥面上的大园周糟使推力效率降低约4%。具有大的喉部曲率半径的潜入喷管的效率和普通喷管一样。设计低劣的喷管,其推力效率损失预计可达8%。     

电源电子开关电路的EMI特性

1 引言 大家公认,尽管使用电源电子电路有许多优点,如高频、零声频噪声、响应速度等等,但双重稳定性,即这种形式的系统固有的工作转换模式,可能引起不必要的谐波成分。在电源频率范围以内,典型的是高达40倍的电源基频,这样的问题在文献[1,2,3]中充分做了说明,例如各种减轻手段、对策、模拟技术以及性能的可接受程度[4,5]。     

Columbia: what went wrong?

The results of the Gehman board's exhaustive investigation of the Columbia accident (STS-107) will have far-reaching effects on the U.S. space program.     

Iron meteorites can support the growth of acidophilic chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms

Chemolithoautotrophy based on reduced inorganic minerals is considered a primitive energy transduction system. Evidence that a high number of meteorites crashed into the planet during the early period of Earth history led us to test the ability of iron-oxidizing bacteria to grow using iron meteorites as their source of energy. Here we report the growth of two acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria, Leptospirillum ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, on a piece of the Toluca meteorite as the only source of energy. The alteration of the surface of the exposed piece of meteorite, the solubilization of its oxidized metal constituents, mainly ferric iron, and the formation of goethite precipitates all clearly indicate that iron-meteorite-based chemolithotrophic metabolism is viable.     

Microbial survival: the paleome: a sedimentary genetic record of past microbial communities

Molecular genetic methods were used to analyze the remnants of microbial ecosystems contained within an ancient oceanic microbial habitat that was recovered from a continental drilled core of black shale approximately 100 million years in age. Bacterial ribosomal RNA genes were vertically amplified from the six different depths of a black shale core associated with a phosphate-rich stratum, defined as one of the mid-Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events (OAEs). Although the black shale core was recovered from a terrestrial coring effort, the recovered 16S rRNA gene sequences showed affinity to microbial communities previously seen in deep-sea sedimentary environments (i.e., the microbial assemblage was easily recognizable as a marine community). In particular, a number of 16S rRNA gene clones of oceanic sulfate-reducing bacteria within the delta-Proteobacteria predominated at the OAE layer. The recovered bacterial DNA signatures are consistent with the interpretation that the sequences are derived from the past microbial communities buried in either sea-bottom or subseafloor environments during the sedimentation process and, after ceasing growth, preserved until the present.     

湍流边界层中脉动压力和脉动速度之间的相关测量

1.前言 最早的压力-速度相关测量是Kawamura和Serafini做的。随后,发表了许多壁面压力脉动与速度脉动相关和功率谱的研究结果,其中壁面压力脉动和速度脉动之间相关的详细结果是Willmarth和Wooldrige所提供的。 Bradshaw研究了急剧减速的边界层中壁面压力脉动和速度脉动的关系,他在逆压梯度边界层中发现了较低的对流速度。他还应用Townsend关于“非活动”(inactive)运动的重要概念来解释在逆压梯度中湍流壁面层相似性的明显破坏。