Early analysis of precise orbit and clock offset determination for the satellites of the global BeiDou-3 system

Eight new-generation BeiDou satellites (BeiDou-3) have been launched into Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), allowing for global coverage since March 2018, and they are equipped with new hydrogen atomic clocks and updated rubidium clocks. Firstly, we analyzed the signals for the carrier-to-noise-density ratio (C/N0) and pseudorange multipath (MP) by using international GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS) station data, and found that B1C has a lower C/N0, and B2a has the same level of C/N0 as the B1I and B3I signals. For pseudorange multipath, compared with the BeiDou-2 satellites, the obvious systematic variation of MP scatters related to the elevation angle is greatly improved for the BeiDou-3 and BeiDou-3e satellites signals. For the signals of the BeiDou-3 satellites, the order of the Root Mean Square (RMS) values of multipath and noise is B3I?<?B1I?<?B2a?<?B1C. Then, the comparison of the precise orbit determination and clock offset determination for the BeiDou-2, BeiDou-3, and BeiDou-3 experimental (BeiDou-3e) satellites was done by using 10 stations from iGMAS. The 3D precision of the 24?h orbit overlap is 24.55, 25.61, and 23.35?cm for the BeiDou-3, BeiDou-3e, and BeiDou-2 satellites, respectively. BeiDou-3 satellite has a comparable precision to that of the BeiDou-2 satellite. For the precision of clock offset estimation, the Standard Deviation (STD) of the BeiDou-3 MEO satellite is 0.350?ns, which is an improvement of 0.042?ns over that of the BeiDou-2 MEO satellite. The stabilities of the BeiDou-3 and BeiDou-3e onboard clocks are better than those of BeiDou-2 by factors of 2.84 and 1.61 at an averaging time of 1000 and 10,000?s, respectively.     

RTK model and positioning performance analysis using Galileo four-frequency observations

This paper proposes a real-time kinematic (RTK) model that uses one common reference satellite for the Galileo system with four frequency observations. In the proposed model, the double-differenced (DD) pseudorange and carrier phase biases among the different frequencies are estimated as unknown parameters to recover the integer features of the DD ambiguities among the different frequencies for ambiguity resolution and precise positioning. Analysis results show that the E5a, E5b, and E5 frequencies have virtually the same performance in terms of the positioning accuracy, observation residuals, and ratio values of ambiguity resolution. However, the E1 frequency performs worse than the E5a, E5b, and E5 frequencies. The RTK results for the combination of multiple frequencies are much better than those for a single-frequency observation, the coordinates’ standard deviation is improved about 20–30%, and the ambiguity fix time is improved about 10%.     

Effects on winter circulation of short and long term solar wind changes

Indices of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation show correlations on the day-to-day timescale with the solar wind speed (SWS). Minima in the indices were found on days of SWS minima during years of high stratospheric aerosol loading. The spatial distribution of surface pressure changes during 1963–2011 with day-to-day changes in SWS shows a pattern resembling the NAO. Such a pattern was noted for year-to-year variations by Boberg and Lundstedt (2002), who compared NAO variations with the geo-effective solar wind electric field (the monthly average SWS multiplied by the average southward component, i.e., negative Bz component, of the interplanetary magnetic field). The spatial distribution of the correlations of geopotential height changes in the troposphere and stratosphere with the SWS; the geo-effective electric field (SWS∗Bz); and the solar 10.7 cm flux suggests that solar wind inputs connected to the troposphere via the global electric circuit, together with solar ultraviolet irradiance acting on the stratosphere, affect regional atmospheric dynamics.     

高级教练机训练模拟器发展趋势分析

现代飞行员培训普遍采用综合训练系统(TTS),训练模拟器是其中的重要组成部分。如何使训练模拟器能够快速、有效地培训飞行员,且具有一定的可持续发展能力,已成为训练模拟器的发展必需解决的问题。本文通过总结国内外训练模拟器的发展情况及分析高级教练机训练模拟器的特点,提出了高级教练机训练模拟器发展的相关建议和思路。     

热处理对砂型铸造Mg-Gd-Y合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

通过金相观察(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及拉伸测试系统地表征和研究了热处理对砂型铸造Mg-Gd-Y合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。研究表明:固溶态GW94、GW74、GW44合金主要由α-Mg过饱和固溶体、铸态残留相Mg5(Gd,Y)以及固溶过程形成的方块相组成。随着Gd含量的增加,固溶态Mg-Gd-Y合金中方块相的体积分数不断增加;在同一时效温度下,合金达到时效峰值的时效时间缩短;室温下拉伸的固溶态、时效峰值态合金以及200和250℃下拉伸的时效峰值态合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度不断提高(固溶态合金屈服强度先降低后升高),但是伸长率却是不断降低。时效峰值态GW94合金表现出优越的力学性能,室温时其抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为300、247 MPa,而伸长率仅为0.9%;200和250℃拉伸时,时效峰值态GW94合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为329、234 MPa和2.6%以及312、233 MPa和2.7%。时效峰值态GW94、GW74合金出现抗拉强度随温度升高而升高的反常力学行为。     

造血调控的新机制与新干预

造血功能不良是骨髓衰竭性疾病的共同特征,但是发病机制仍未完全阐明,是亟待解决的重要临床科学问题。 生理情况下,造血干细胞受到骨髓微环境的严格调控。造血干细胞移植不仅是治疗白血病的有效方式,而且是研究造血调控的理想模型。移植后造血重建不良是研究骨髓衰竭性疾病的良好疾病模型。总之,积极探索造血调控的新机制,对于建立骨髓衰竭性疾病的新型干预策略具有重要临床转化价值。     

含八氢基笼形倍半硅氧烷的双马来酰亚胺树脂

利用硅氢加成反应和烯加成反应,以八氢基笼形倍半硅氧烷(T8H8)、二烯丙基双酚A(DABPA)和双马来酰亚胺(BMI)为单体合成了改性BMI树脂,采用FT-IR、DSC、TGA分别表征了树脂的结构、固化行为及热性能.研究结果表明,T8H8-DABPA-BMI固化树脂的玻璃化转变温度达到323℃,热分解温度(5%失重,T5d)为422、800℃热分解残重率为50.7%.     

精密跟瞄Hexapod平台研制及其振动控制

为了实现星载光学设备的精密跟瞄,以自行研制的宏/微双重驱动复合作动器为主动元件,设计了合理的平台构型,选择并装配了铰链等关键部件,组装完成了具有振动主动控制和大幅跟瞄能力的Hexapod平台原理样机。利用牛顿-欧拉法建立了Hexapod平台线性动力学模型。采用改进的自适应振动消减器(ADC)方法进行了平台主动隔振的控制仿真与实验研究。由仿真结果可知,当Hexapod平台底部受到方向不同的双频正弦微振动干扰时,控制可以隔离干扰向平台上平面的传播;在实验中,平台上平面处于水平位置及转动一定角度时,底部微扰动引起的各杆振幅均下降了90%左右。结果表明了所研制的Hexapod平台用于主动隔振的可行性、建模的有效性以及改进的ADC方法的合理性。     

考虑小载荷强化的模糊疲劳寿命预测理论

在实际工程应用中,多选用Miner法则进行疲劳寿命预测。由于小载荷特别是在疲劳极限附近的载荷对结构或材料的损伤不容忽略,考虑到小载荷的每一次循环对材料产生损伤的同时还产生了强化作用,建立了基于小载荷强化损伤的寿命预测模型以及相应的模糊疲劳寿命计算公式。该模型不但考虑了低于疲劳极限的载荷的强化作用,还引入隶属函数来描述小载荷的累积损伤的模糊性,完善了Miner法则的适用范围,提高了预测精度。两个不同载荷谱的疲劳寿命预测实例验证了该模型的有效性。     

一种基于正弦图的工业CT系统转台旋转中心自动确定方法

构建一个工业CT成像系统,转台旋转中心的确定是非常关键的步骤,其定位误差会引起CT图像上的伪影。本文在详细分析了现存旋转中心确定方法不足的基础上,提出了一种新方法,该方法利用隐含在正弦图中的对称投影信息,并根据经过旋转中心的射线束在两个对称投影视角下透过的物体路径相同这一规律来定位旋转中心。相对现有算法,该方法适用于射线源与旋转中心的连线不严格垂直于探测器的情形,无需使用模体,亦无需知晓任何几何参数,实时且基本不受随机噪声影响。实验数据验证了该方法的有效性。