基于刷扫和研磨的复合式小行星取样器取样过程仿真与分析

针对小行星表面微重力环境及样品机械属性未知的特点,提出了一种基于刷扫和研磨的复合式取样器设计方案。该取样器通过刷扫和研磨的复合方式进行取样,能够提高小行星表面取样任务的成功率。为了研究该取样器刷扫取样时刷轮叶片数、刷轮转速、推进速度、星壤参数等对取样效率的影响,研磨和刷扫复合取样的优越性以及刷扫和研磨时的驱动力矩,开展了样品颗粒相互作用建模及研磨取样动力学分析。基于离散元仿真软件EDEM,构建了取样器3D模型并仿真其在小行星表面取样,获得了样品收集质量与取样时间的关系曲线,分析了各个参数对取样效率的影响。结果表明:刷轮叶片数越多,刷轮转速越大,推进速度越大,取样器取样效率更高,刷扫和研磨的复合取样方法比起单一的刷扫取样,具有更高的取样效率。该研究为设计小行星取样器、取样参数设定和取样效果分析提供了依据。     

单通道窄体客机发展和市场研究

单通道窄体客机是使用最为广泛、数量最多、市场需求量最大的一类客机,产品发展活跃、更新快速,技术综合、带动作用明显,研制和发展窄体客机具有重大经济和技术意义。首先介绍窄体客机概念,基于典型机型技术参数和特性总结分析窄体客机的特点;根据载客量/座位数和航程参数将窄体客机分为三类。其次,分析窄体客机产品及技术的发展,回顾1960年代以来的世界主要窄体客机产品的发展历程,归纳窄体客机发展特点、持续改进和系列化发展的方式。最后,分析世界窄体客机市场需求、使用情况、产销数据及当前市场特点,展望未来市场。     

航天器用薄膜温度传感器的研制及性能研究

飞行器以高超声速飞行时瞬间温升可达1 600℃以上,为了保证飞行器的可靠和运行安全,准确实时测量热防护系统表面温度显得尤为重要。针对高温环境实时测温的技术难题,结合磁控溅射技术和陶瓷烧结技术,提出了一种引线和传感器基底一体化的微小型高温薄膜温度传感器结构。采用高温检定炉对传感器陶瓷基底的高温绝缘性进行了测试,并使用多种微观形貌表征方法对传感器主要结构材料进行筛选,得到薄膜温度传感器制备所需的最佳材料组合。进行了薄膜温度传感器静态标定和综合性能高温考核试验,结果表明,所研制传感器灵敏度、重复性的变化与标准热电偶基本保持一致,在实际环境温度低于1 500℃时,传感器测量误差不超过4‰,可在1 200℃高温环境中连续准确测温6 h以上,且测温上限高达1 800℃,验证了该传感器在高温环境中进行测温的可行性和实用性,为航天器表面温度测量和热防护系统优化提供科学依据。     

高亚声速大弯角轴流压气机平面叶栅损失模型研究

基于亚声速叶栅设计点损失预估模型,结合无粘S1流场与附面层迭代计算发展了一套计算大弯角轴流压气机平面叶栅流场程序。增加弯度比分布及最大厚度修正得到设计点损失预估模型,采用马赫数修正后的叶栅有效工作范围得到一套大弯角叶栅全工况损失预估模型。分析了轴向密流比在实验中对叶栅损失系数的影响。结果表明,S1流场计算程序与修正后的损失预估模型均能准确地预估出大弯角叶栅设计点损失系数,误差分别小于0.006与0.004。非设计点损失模型能有效地预估得到叶栅有效工作范围内的损失随攻角的分布。初步验证了损失模型对高亚声速大弯角平面叶栅损失系数预估的准确性。     

Space Debris Reentry Analysis Methods and Tools

The reentry of uncontrolled spacecraft may be broken into many pieces of debris at an altitude in the range of 75-85 km. The surviving fragments could pose great hazard and risk to ground and people. In recent years, methods and tools for predicting and analyzing debris reentry and ground risk assessment have been studied and developed in National Aeronautics and Space Ad-ministration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA) and other organizations, including the group of the present authors. This paper reviews the current progress on this topic of debris reentry briefly. We outline the Monte Carlo method for uncertainty analysis, breakup prediction, and parameters affecting survivability of debris. The existing analysis tools can be classified into two categories, i.e. the object-oriented and the spacecraft-oriented methods, the latter being more accurate than the first one. The past object-oriented tools include objects of only simple shapes. For more realistic simulation, here we present an object-oriented tool debris reentry and ablation prediction system (DRAPS) developed by the present authors, which introduces new object shapes to 15 types, as well as 51 predefined motions and relevant aerodynamic and aerothermal models. The aerodynamic and aerothermal models in DRAPS are validated using direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method.     

复杂电磁环境下RS422接口保护电路的实现

在复杂电磁环境下如果对422通信接口进行带电热插拔操作会引发高电压冲击,当热插拔瞬间放电电流大于串口芯片所能承受的最大电流时,串口通信接口电路会被烧毁,为了有效保护通信接口电路,介绍了一种的串口热插拔保护电路,它的原理是使用对地二极管将瞬态的高电压抑制下来,在不改动设备的前提下可以对422通信接口电路提供有效的保护。经实践证明对RS422接口电路有明显的保护作用,也可以应用于其他串行通信电路。     

Input-to-state stability of model-based spacecraft formation control systems with communication constraints

This paper investigates the formation keeping problem for multiple spacecraft in the framework of networked control systems (NCSs). A continuous-time representation of the NCS is considered for the tracking control of relative translational motion between two spacecraft in a leader–follower formation in the presence of communication constraints and system uncertainties. Model-based control schemes are presented, which employ state feedback (when the relative position and velocity vectors are directly measurable) and output feedback (when velocity measurements are not available), respectively, to guarantee input-to-state stability (ISS) of the system. The stability conditions on network transfer intervals are derived as simple eigenvalue tests of a well-structured test matrix. The results are then extended to include network communication delay. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control scheme ensuring high formation keeping precision and robustness to nonlinearities and system uncertainties. The proposed controllers are robust not only to structured uncertainties such as system parameter perturbations but also to unstructured uncertainties such as external disturbances and measurement noises.     

一种基于视频序列的运动目标检测方法

文章提出了利用帧差分法和背景差分法结合块匹配对运动目标进行检测的方法,该方法实现简单、速度快。块匹配方法的引入有效地抑制了光照变化和背景扰动的影响,提高了整个系统的自适应性。实验证明,该方法能够满足运动目标的实时检测要求。     

涡喷发动机H_∞控制参数化Ricati方程的解

由分块矩阵的奇异值不等式关系，给出了初猜值γ０、λ０的对半求解法，在此基础上直接给出带参数的Ｒｉｃｃａｔｉ方程迭代求解法。用此方法对涡喷发动机不确定性系统设计了控制器，并在发动机气动热力学非线性模型上进行了仿真验证，结果表明控制系统能够取得满意的鲁棒性能、抗干扰性能和伺服跟踪性能。     

基于3层结构的新一代航管信息系统的设计与实现

采用3层结构理论对新一代航管信息系统进行了设计,并对系统研制中的关键技术,包括3层结构的物理实现、基于部件的应用开发、OLE、WindowsSocket、数据实时同步和访问控制等的实现方法进行了分析研究,最后给出了系统的应用实例。