全文获取类型
收费全文 | 319篇 |
免费 | 1篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
航空 | 161篇 |
航天技术 | 128篇 |
综合类 | 5篇 |
航天 | 28篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 9篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 2篇 |
2014年 | 12篇 |
2013年 | 11篇 |
2012年 | 4篇 |
2011年 | 14篇 |
2010年 | 5篇 |
2009年 | 16篇 |
2008年 | 20篇 |
2007年 | 9篇 |
2006年 | 17篇 |
2005年 | 8篇 |
2004年 | 6篇 |
2003年 | 15篇 |
2002年 | 3篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有322条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
131.
S.V. Vadawale M. Shanmugam Y.B. Acharya A.R. Patel S.K. Goyal B. Shah A.K. Hait A. Patinge D. Subrahmanyam 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
The remote X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is a powerful technique to investigate the elemental abundances in the atmosphere-less planetary bodies. The experiment involves measuring spectra of fluorescent X-rays from lunar surface using a low energy X-ray detector onboard an orbiting satellite. Since the flux of fluorescent X-ray lines critically depend on the flux and spectrum of the incident solar X-rays, it is essential to have simultaneous and accurate measurement of X-ray from both Moon and Sun. In the context of Moon, this technique has been employed since early days of space exploration to determine elemental composition of lunar surface. However, so far it has not been possible to exploit it to its full potential due to various reasons. Therefore it is planned to continue the remote X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy experiment on-board Chandrayaan-2 which includes both lunar X-ray observations and solar X-ray observations as two separate payloads. The lunar X-ray observations will be carried out by Chandra Large Area Soft x-ray Spectrometer (CLASS) experiment; whereas the solar X-ray observations will be carried out by a separate payload, Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM). Here we present the overall design of the XSM instrument, the present development status as well as preliminary results of the laboratory model testing. XSM instrument will have two packages namely – XSM sensor package and XSM electronics package. XSM will accurately measure spectrum of Solar X-rays in the energy range of 1–15 keV with energy resolution ∼200 eV @ 5.9 keV. This will be achieved by using state-of-the-art Silicon Drift Detector (SDD), which has a unique capability of maintaining high energy resolution at very high incident count rate expected from Solar X-rays. XSM onboard Chandrayaan-2 will be the first experiment to use such detector for Solar X-ray monitoring. 相似文献
132.
133.
J Kiefer U Stoll E Schneider 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1994,14(10):257-265
Mutation induction by heavy ions is compared in yeast and mammalian cells. Since mutants can only be recovered in survivors the influence of inactivation cross sections has to be taken into account. It is shown that both the size of the sensitive cellular site as well as track structure play an important role. Another parameter which influences the probability of mutation induction is repair: Contrary to naive assumptions primary radiation damage does not directly lead to mutations but requires modification to reconstitute the genetic machinery so that mutants can survive. The molecular structure of mutations was analyzed after exposure to deuterons by amplification with the aid of polymerase chain reaction. The results--although preliminary--demonstrate that even with densely ionizing particles a large fraction does not carry big deletions which suggests that point mutations may also be induced by heavy ions. 相似文献
134.
H Bucker K Baltschukat R Beaujean S L Bonting M Delpoux W Enge R Facius H Francois E H Graul W Heinrich G Horneck A R Kranz R Pfohl G Planel G Portal G Reitz W Ruther M Schafer E Schopper J U Schott 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,4(10):83-90
The radiobiological properties of the heavy ions of cosmic radiation were investigated on Spacelab 1 by use of biostacks, monolayers of biological test organisms sandwiched between thin foils of different types of nuclear track detectors. Biostacks were exposed to cosmic radiation at several locations with different shielding environments in the module and on the pallet. Evaluations of the physical and biological components of the experiment to date indicate that in general they survived the spaceflight in good condition. Dosimetric data are presented for the different shielding environments. 相似文献
135.
M. Sztajno J. Trümper H.U. Zimmermann A. Langmeier 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1985,5(3):113-116
We have measured the X-ray flux of the bright galactic bulge source GX17+2 in the energy range 1–20 keV using the EXOSAT ME experiment. During 8 hours of continuous observation an X-ray flare was observed (lasting ~1 hr) followed by an intensity increase. The data show intensity dips with a quasiperiod of ~1.4 hours and quasi-periodic oscillations on time scale of 200–500 sec, which are possibly connected with oscillations of an accretion disc. The spectrum can be fitted by two blackbody spectra with kT1~1keV, and kT2~2keV, respectively, and an iron line at 6.3 ± 0.3 keV having 130 eV equivalent width. While the low energy component is rather stable, the 2keV-component shows considerable intensity variations. We suggest that the latter component represents emission from the inner part of the accretion disc while the soft spectrum is blackbody emission from the surface of the neutron star. 相似文献
136.
Shukla U.S. Mahapatra P.R. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1988,24(3):231-238
Proportional navigation (PN) equations are not solvable in closed form. Linearized solutions have been widely used for PN system analysis and design, but these are based on overly restrictive assumptions regarding the initial geometry, and are valid only for near-tail-chase pursuits. A generalization of the linearized approach is presented which yields more-accurate estimates of pursuer lateral acceleration than the classical linear solutions as verified by comparison with `exact' numerical solutions. Further, the solution is applicable over a much wider range of engagement geometries. The treatment is based on a closed-form quasilinearized solution of the PN equations followed by the small-angle approximation only to line-of-sight (LOS) angle rate 相似文献
137.
Solar modulation of galactic cosmic radiation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
U. R. Rao 《Space Science Reviews》1972,12(6):719-809
In this review an attempt is made to present an integrated view of the solar modulation process that cause time variation of cosmic ray particles. After briefly surveying the relevant large and small scale properties of the interplanetary magnetic fields and plasma, the motion of cosmic ray particles in the disordered interplanetary magnetic fields is discussed. The experimentally observed long term variations of different species of cosmic ray particles are summarised and compared with the theoretical predictions from the diffusion-convection model. The effect of the energy losses due to decelaration in the expanding solar wind are clearly brought out. The radial density gradient, the modulation parameter and their long term variation are discussed to understand the dynamics of the modulating region. The cosmic ray anisotropy measurements at different energies are summarised. At high energies (E 1 GeV), the average diurnal anisotropy is shown to be energy independent and along the 18.00 h direction consistent with their undergoing partial corotation with the sun. The average semi-diurnal anisotropy seems to vary with energy as E
+1 and incident from a direction perpendicular to the interplanetary field line, consistent with the semi-diurnal component being produced by latitudinal gradients. Both the diurnal and semi-diurnal components are shown to be practically time invariant. On a day to day basis, however, the anisotropy characteristics such as the exponent of variation, the amplitude and the phase show very high variability which are interpreted in terms of convection and variable field aligned diffusion due to the redistribution of the galactic cosmic ray density following transient changes in the interplanetary medium. The anisotropy observation at low energies (E 100 MeV) are, however, not explained by the theory.The rigidity dependence and the anisotropies during short term variations such as Forbush decreases are discussed in terms of the proposed field models for the interplanetary field structure and are compared with the observed rigidity dependence of long term variations. The data pertaining to the 27 day corotating Forbush decreases and their association with enhanced diurnal variation are also presented. The relationship between the energetic storm particle events which are caused by the acceleration of particles in the shock fronts and the Forbush decreases which are caused by the exclusion of galactic particles by the enhanced field structure in the same fronts are clearly brought out. Thus the recurrent increases at low energies and recurrent decreases at high energies may both be caused by the field structure in the shock front. In conclusion, the properties of the very short period fluctuations (18–25 cph) are summarised. 相似文献
138.
In the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation problem, we encounter both finite data and insufficient knowledge of array characterization. It is therefore important to study how subspace-based methods perform in such conditions. We analyze the finite data performance of the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) and minimum norm (min. norm) methods in the presence of sensor gain and phase errors, and derive expressions for the mean square error (MSE) in the DOA estimates. These expressions are first derived assuming an arbitrary array and then simplified for the special case of an uniform linear array with isotropic sensors. When they are further simplified for the case of finite data only and sensor errors only, they reduce to the recent results given previously (1989, 1991). Computer simulations are used to verify the closeness between the predicted and simulated values of the MSE 相似文献
139.
Blum V Andriske M Kreuzberg K Paassen U Schreibman MP Voeste D 《Acta Astronautica》1998,42(1-8):25-35
Based on the construction principle of the Closed Equilibrated Biological Aquatic System (C.E.B.A.S.) two novel combined animal-plant production systems were developed in laboratory scale the first of which is dedicated to mid-term operation in closed state up to two years. In principle both consist of the "classic" C.E.B.A.S. subcomponents: animal tank (Zoological Component), plant cultivators (Botanical Component), ammonia converting bacteria filter (Microbial Component) and data acquisition/control unit (Electronical Component). The innovative approach in the first system is the utilization of minimally three aquatic plant cultivators for different species. In this one the animal tank has a volume of about 160 liters and is constructed as an "endless-way system" surrounding a central unit containing the heat exchanger and the bacteria filter with volumes of about 1.5 liters each. A suspension plant cultivator (1 liter) for the edible duckweed Wolffia arrhiza is externally connected. The second plant cultivator is a meandric microalgal bioreactor for filamentous green algae. The third plant growth facility is a chamber with about 2.5 liters volume for cultivation of the "traditional" C.E.B.A.S. plant species, the rootless buoyant Ceratophyllum demersum. Both latter units are illuminated with 9 W fluorescent lamps. In the current experiment the animal tank contains the live-bearing teleost fish Xiphophorus helleri and the small pulmonate water snail Biomphalaria glabrata because their physiological adaptation to the closed system conditions is well known from many previous C.E.B.A.S. experiments. The water temperature is maintained at 25 degrees C and the oxygen level is regulated between 4 and 7 mg/l by switching on and off the plant cultivator illuminations according to a suitable pattern thus utilizing solely the oxygen produced by photosynthesis. The animals and the microorganisms of filter and biofilm provide the plants with a sufficient amount of carbon dioxide. Oxygen concentration, pH value, temperature and redox potential are on-line recorded. Ion concentrations and numbers of living germs in the system water are determined twice monthly in the laboratory from samples taken from a special "sample removal module"; the sample volume is automatically replaced from an reservoir container. A rotatory pump produces a water flow of about 38 l/min. For a similar smaller test system with approx. 10 l volume developed from the C.E.B.A.S.-MINI-MODULE a novel indirect solar energy supply is tested which has a buffer capacity to maintain the system for 7 days in darkness under central European climate conditions also in winter. It contains only a single plant cultivator which is operated with Wollfia arrhiza. This lemnacean plant is able to produce large amounts of plant biomass in a short time by vegetative reproduction via daughter fronds. This easy-to-handle apparatus is dedicated to be operative more than 4 month. The experimental animals and microorganisms are the same as in the large system. The paper provides detailed information on the system construction principles and the biological, physical and chemical data of the initial phase of the test runs of both systems with the main focus on the large one. 相似文献
140.
U. Lohmann 《Space Science Reviews》2006,125(1-4):129-137
Aerosols affect the climate system by changing cloud characteristics in many ways. They act as cloud condensation and ice
nuclei, they may inhibit freezing and they could have an influence on the hydrological cycle. While the cloud albedo enhancement
(Twomey effect) of warm clouds received most attention so far and traditionally is the only indirect aerosol forcing considered
in transient climate simulations, here I discuss the multitude of effects. 相似文献