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771.
通过对杭州湾南北两侧共四个观测点近地层湍流特征分析发现:①湍流强度随风速增大而减小。低风速时,几乎与风速呈反比,高风速时基本保持为常数。可描述为:U≤U_0时,I_k=mk/U;U>U_0时,I_k=n_K。其中n_k=a_k/ln(z/z_0),mk=a_kU_0/ln(z/z_0)。a_x=1.0,ay=0.8,a_z=0.5。海岸附近,U_0=4m/s,深入内陆1.5千米以后,U_0=3m/s。②u_*/U=k/ψ(z/L)的 Businger 模式在海岸附近与观测结果吻合很好,在内陆,-1.0≤z/L≤0.3时二者吻合较好,在此范围以外,偏离较大。③不稳定条件下,水平风速标准差可用(?)描述,垂直风速标准差可用(?)描述。稳定条件下,可用(?)(?)描述。此外,稳定条件下,有σ_w/σ_u=0.48,σ_w/σ_v=0.59;不稳定条件下有σ_w/σ_u=0.53,σ_w/σ_v=O.67。 相似文献
772.
773.
Morphological and molecular changes of maize plants after seeds been flown on recoverablf satellite 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M Mei Y Qiu Y Sun R Huang J Yao Q Zhang M Hong J Ye 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1998,22(12):1691-1697
Dry seeds of Zea mays, heterozygous for Lw1/lw1 alleles, sandwiched between nuclear track detectors aboard Chinese satellite for 15 days, were recovered and mutations in morphological characters on plants developed from these seeds, as well as their selected progenies, were investigated. The dosimetric results indicated that 85% of the seeds received at least 1 hit with Z≥20. About 10% of plants developed from flown seeds and 40% of observed selfed lines from the first generation plants showed some morphological changes, such as yellow stripes displayed on leaves, dwarf, anomogensis of floral organs and yellow-green seedlings, when compared with those from ground control. Using yellow stripes on leaves as the main endpoint for evaluating mutation induced in space environment, the frequency of stripe occurrence was 4.6% in the first generation plants, comparable with the results obtained from Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) mission (Mei et al., 1994), but much lower than those from ground based 60 Co-gamma treatment at a dose of 100 Gy, which reached 35.5% in the selfed lines of the second generation. One hundred and ten random primers were screened in RAPD analysis to detect the variation on genomic DNA of plants with stripes on leaves. Of these primers, 10.9% were able to generate polymorphic bands between mutated plants and control, also, common band patterns in several progenies with the same mutation phenotype were observed. These results demonstrated that space radiation environment could induce inheritable mutagenic effects on plant seeds, and verified the change in genetic material in the mutants. Further study will be needed for a better understand of the nature and mechanism of this induction of mutation. 相似文献
774.
工程系统设计的变量大且多具有不确定性,它们的极大值和极小值同样也具有不确定性.传统的极值理论尚未很好地解决一组样本的极大值和极小值的区间估计问题.本文从次序统计理论出发,建立了该样本的极大值与极小值的区间估计算法,并对大容量和小容量样本的情况分别进行了讨论,获得了在小样本情况下可用母体均匀分布获得的结果来估计样本极值区间的结论.算例结果表明本文提出的方法可以较好地进行样本极大值与极小值的区间估计. 相似文献
775.
776.
本文叙述了高速可压缩边办流动稳定性和转捩点预报的数值计算方法,特别是Rayleigh反迭代法与边界层渐近匹配方法的配合,有效地提高了计算精度,节省了存储和计算时间,本文给出的评定界层第一模式的稳定性分析和转捩区数值预报结果,与已有的实验结果一致。 相似文献
777.
Performance testing is very useful in the design of deployable space antennas. It is arduous and costly to carry out the prototype experiments on the ground because of the large aperture of the antenna and the difficulty of simulating space environments. Thus, a smaller replica of the antenna, called scale model, is used to achieve the performance testing for reasons of economy, convenience, and saving in time. In this paper, a two-step approach is proposed to predict the prototype performance of the antenna in the space environment according to the performance testing of the scale model. The first step is to analyze the similarity between the prototype and the model in the same environment. Different methods are adopted according to the different performance of the antenna. The scaling laws of the driving force of the deployable Astromesh antenna are established through the differential equations on the basis of the deployment dynamic equations, while the scaling laws of frequency are derived by the dimensional analysis method. The second step is to analyze the performance relationships of the scale model in the different environments. Experiments on the scale model can be performed to obtain the performance relationships. Finally, a complete example of the natural frequency analysis is given to illustrate the two-step method. 相似文献
778.
779.
砂土硬化特征的描述及其试验验证 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用不同路径下砂土的三轴拉伸和三轴压缩试验结果,分别选用塑性体积应变、塑性剪应变、清华模型硬化参数、塑性功和统一硬化参数H作为硬化参数,在以上硬化参数和应力比空间里探讨了砂土的硬化规律和应力路径相关性.基于修正剑桥模型的屈服函数,采用塑性体积应变、塑性功和H作为硬化参数,推导了分别对应的本构模型.通过饱和塔克拉玛干沙漠砂的三轴试验结果,表明了H在描述砂土应力应变特性上的适用性. 相似文献
780.
先进制造技术进展 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
姚福生 《北京航空航天大学学报》2004,30(4):290-295
由于科技发展及各类不同学科新技术的渗透,传统的制造技术已发展成为先进制造技术.从设计和成形方面对先进制造技术的发展现状和关键技术进行了详细的综述分析,指出了先进制造技术不同于传统制造技术的本质特点及该领域的一些发展方向. 相似文献