振动环境质量载荷效应探究

航天飞行器有爆脱冲击环境质量载荷效应现象,类似也有振动环境质量载荷效应问题。国外一直在作这方面研究,机理不清,没有定论。本文对此加以述评,并对机理进行初步探究,这对预示振动环境及制定振动环境试验条件有重要意义.     

生物组织光学参数：优化散射系数（μ’s）的实时在位测定

利用了一套特殊设计光纤探头组成的稳定态光纤光谱仪测试生物组织的光学参数，从悬乳液(Intralpid)与模拟胶(Phantom)实验推导出优化散射系数(Reduced scattering coeffcient：μ’s)近红外谱测量经验公式。测量反射系数就可以计算出优化散射系数谱。计算结果用模拟胶作了验证，并对大鼠脑组织μ’s进行了实时在位测量，从而得到了一种μ’s在位测量的有效方法。     

应用扩展连续算法研究推力矢量飞机动力学特性

应用扩展的分支和连续算法对推力矢量控制飞机的飞行运动力学特性进行了研究。与标准的分支和连续算法不同，扩展后的分支和连续算法可用于计算飞机特定配平状态的连续曲线，所以不仅能获得飞行性能指标，同时可确定飞机的稳定性。本中扩展分支和连续算法被用于检验推力矢量控制律的有效性，确定了飞行包线边界，分析了配平飞行的稳定性的操纵性以及预测飞行偏离。结果表明，扩展连续方法可获得大量的飞行动力学信息，在推力矢量控制飞机的初步设计中具有广泛的应用前景。     

基于BP网络的热工过程模型辨识方法

主要研究了人工神经网络在辨识火电厂热工过程模型中的应用，利用Visual C^ 语言构造BP神经网络,提出了把BP网络权值转换为传递函数的方法，针对火电厂常见的热工过程，不用人为加入特殊的激励信号，只利用现场生产中自然存在的扰动信号进行辨识试验，试验结果准确可靠。     

考虑高载和阻尼介质时刚塑性圆板的塑性动力分析

本文研究了阻尼介质对刚塑性圆板在高载(冲击荷载)作用下塑性动力响应的影响,得到了解析解并对此解进行了讨论。当阻尼介质参数趋于零时,本文结果与无阻尼解一致。文中还画出了荷载与阻尼介质对圆板运动时间和板中心点残余挠度的影响曲线。     

Early development of fern gametophytes in microgravity.

Dormant spores of the fern Ceratopteris richardii were flown on Shuttle mission STS-93 to evaluate the effects of micro-g on their development and on their pattern of gene expression. Prior to flight the spores were sterilized and sown into one of two environments: (1) Microscope slides in a video-microscopy module; and (2) Petri dishes. All spores were then stored in darkness until use. Spore germination was initiated on orbit after exposure to light. For the spores on microscope slides, cell level changes were recorded through the clear spore coat of the spores by video microscopy. After their exposure to light, spores in petri dishes were frozen in orbit at four different time points during which on earth gravity fixes the polarity of their development. Spores were then stored frozen in Biological Research in Canister units until recovery on earth. The RNAs from these cells and from 1-g control cells were extracted and analyzed on earth after flight to assay changes in gene expression. Video microscopy results revealed that the germinated spores developed normally in microgravity, although the polarity of their development, which is guided by gravity on earth, was random in space. Differential Display-PCR analyses of RNA extracted from space-flown cells showed that there was about a 5% change in the pattern of gene expression between cells developing in micro-g compared to those developing on earth.     

Induction and repair of DNA strand breaks in bovine lens epithelial cells after high LET irradiation.

The lens epithelium is the initiation site for the development of radiation induced cataracts. Radiation in the cortex and nucleus interacts with proteins, while in the epithelium, experimental results reveal mutagenic and cytotoxic effects. It is suggested that incorrectly repaired DNA damage may be lethal in terms of cellular reproduction and also may initiate the development of mutations or transformations in surviving cells. The occurrence of such genetically modified cells may lead to lens opacification. For a quantitative risk estimation for astronauts and space travelers it is necessary to know the relative biological effectiveness (RBE), because the spacial and temporal distribution of initial physical damage induced by cosmic radiation differ significantly from that of X-rays. RBEs for the induction of DNA strand breaks and the efficiency of repair of these breaks were measured in cultured diploid bovine lens epithelial cells exposed to different LET irradiation to either 300 kV X-rays or to heavy ions at the UNILAC accelerator at GSI. Accelerated ions from Z=8 (O) to Z=92 (U) were used. Strand breaks were measured by hydroxyapatite chromatography of alkaline unwound DNA (overall strand breaks). Results showed that DNA damage occurs as a function of dose, of kinetic energy and of LET. For particles having the same LET the severity of the DNA damage increases with dose. For a given particle dose, as the LET rises, the numbers of DNA strand breaks increase to a maximum and then reach a plateau or decrease. Repair kinetics depend on the fluence (irradiation dose). At any LET value, repair is much slower after heavy ion exposure than after X-irradiation. For ions with an LET of less than 10,000 keV micrometers-1 more than 90 percent of the strand breaks induced are repaired within 24 hours. At higher particle fluences, especially for low energetic particles with a very high local density of energy deposition within the particle track, a higher proportion of non-rejoined breaks is found, even after prolonged periods of incubation. At the highest LET value (16,300 keV micrometers-1) no significant repair is observed. These LET-dependencies are consistent with the current mechanistic model for radiation induced cataractogenesis which postulates that genomic damage to the surviving fraction of epithelial cells is responsible for lens opacification.     

太阳微波爆发精细结构与硬X射线耀斑的相关

北京天文台在２．８４ＧＨｚ频率上观测到的带短时标精细结构的微波爆发与日本ＹＯＨＫＯＨ卫星上ＨＸＴ在１９９１年１０月－１９９２年１２月观测到的硬Ｘ射线爆发（ＨＸＢ）事件作了比较，发现在２０个微波精细结构爆发事件只有１２个与ＹＯＨＫＯＨ卫星记录的ＨＸＢ有对应关系．本文对１９９２年６月７日典型事件中２．８４ＧＨｚ与ＨＸＢ共同存在的百秒量级的准周期振荡作了分析及源区参数的计算，并作了简要的讨论．     

一种微波等离子体原子氧模拟装置

介绍了一种新颖的原子氧模拟试验装置。该装置采用了微波电子回旋共振（ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｃｙｃｌｏｔｒｏｎｒｅｓｏｎａｎｃｅ简称“ＥＣＲ”）的先进技术。最佳调试状态下，可获得１０（１５）／（ｃｍ２·ｓ）的束流。在该试验装置上，对航天器上常用的Ｋａｐｔｏｎ和石墨环氧材料进行了原子氧效应试验，首次在国内成功的获得了原子氧束流模拟试验的样品结果。对样品的表面形貌分析证明：试验结果完全与国外同类设备的试验结论一致，这标志着中国在原子氧地面模拟技术领域的研究已取得重要进展。     

Energetic ion emission for active spacecraft control

Future space missions aiming at the accurate measurement of cold plasmas and DC to very low frequency electric fields will require that the potential of their conductive surfaces be actively controlled to be near the ambient plasma potential. In the near-Earth space these spacecraft are usually solar-cell powered; consequently, parts of their surface are most of the time exposed to solar photons. Outside the plasmasphere, a positive surface potential due the dominance of surface-emitted photoelectrons over ambient plasma electrons is to be expected. Photo- and ambient electrons largely determine the potential and positive values between a few Volts up to 100 V have been observed. Active ion emission is the obvious solution of this problem. A liquid metal ion emitter and a saddle field ion emitter are nearing the stage of flight unit fabrication. We will attempt to clamp the spacecraft potential to values close to the plasma potential. We present first results from vacuum chamber tests and describe the emission behaviour and characteristics of emitters producing, respectively, In⁺ and N₂⁺ beams with an energy of ≥ 5 keV.