全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4862篇 |
免费 | 28篇 |
国内免费 | 19篇 |
专业分类
航空 | 2150篇 |
航天技术 | 1694篇 |
综合类 | 11篇 |
航天 | 1054篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 42篇 |
2019年 | 27篇 |
2018年 | 113篇 |
2017年 | 94篇 |
2016年 | 82篇 |
2015年 | 43篇 |
2014年 | 118篇 |
2013年 | 137篇 |
2012年 | 129篇 |
2011年 | 193篇 |
2010年 | 144篇 |
2009年 | 229篇 |
2008年 | 256篇 |
2007年 | 155篇 |
2006年 | 112篇 |
2005年 | 142篇 |
2004年 | 139篇 |
2003年 | 166篇 |
2002年 | 112篇 |
2001年 | 180篇 |
2000年 | 94篇 |
1999年 | 96篇 |
1998年 | 117篇 |
1997年 | 84篇 |
1996年 | 128篇 |
1995年 | 145篇 |
1994年 | 135篇 |
1993年 | 64篇 |
1992年 | 100篇 |
1991年 | 43篇 |
1990年 | 43篇 |
1989年 | 101篇 |
1988年 | 39篇 |
1987年 | 39篇 |
1986年 | 51篇 |
1985年 | 139篇 |
1984年 | 118篇 |
1983年 | 82篇 |
1982年 | 96篇 |
1981年 | 148篇 |
1980年 | 32篇 |
1979年 | 30篇 |
1978年 | 33篇 |
1977年 | 36篇 |
1976年 | 23篇 |
1975年 | 39篇 |
1974年 | 35篇 |
1973年 | 28篇 |
1970年 | 22篇 |
1969年 | 22篇 |
排序方式: 共有4909条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
991.
B. I. Rabinovich 《Cosmic Research》2007,45(1):39-51
A possibility is discussed that the rings of large planets observed in the modern epoch are relics of some pre-rings consisting of magnetized plasma (according to a hypothesis by H. Alfven). The solution to a model problem published in [36, 37] is used. Its main result is a mechanism of stratification of an evolutionally mature plasma pre-ring into a large number of narrow elite rings separated by anti-rings (gaps). Another result is the theoretical substantiation of the presence in the near-planetary space of a region of existence and stability (in what follows it is referred to as ES-region) of plasma rings. The data obtained in the course of the Voyager, Galileo, and Cassini missions are used below for verification of the model on which the solutions presented in [36, 37] are based. 相似文献
992.
Small coastal ponds that contain photosynthetic microbial mat communities represent an extreme environment where a potentially significant source of labile organic carbon can be found within the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. To distinguish coastal pond-derived organic matter from other sources of organic matter in the Dry Valleys, bulk organic carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope signatures and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles of benthic microbial mats located at two sites--Hjorth Hill coast and Garwood Valley--were investigated. The average isotope values at Hjorth Hill coast and Garwood Valley are, respectively, -10.9 per thousand and -10.2 per thousand for delta(13) C, 3.7 per thousand and -1.3 per thousand for delta(15)N, and 8.1 per thousand and 16.7 per thousand for delta(34)S. Microbial mats from all ponds are dominated by monounsaturated PLFAs (indicative of Gram-negative bacteria) and polyunsaturated PLFAs (indicative of microeukaryotes). Biomarkers specific to aerobic prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and photoautotrophic microeukaryotes, as well as sulfur-reducing bacteria, are present in all samples. Benthic mats at Garwood Valley are thicker and more laminated, have a higher biomass, and have a greater carbon and nitrogen content, which suggests greater productivity than mats at Hjorth Hill coast. Greater productivity is supported, as well, by higher dissolved oxygen contents likely derived from heightened photosynthetic productivity. More productivity at Garwood Valley likely results from a larger influx of terrestrial surface waters together with a concomitant nutrient loading. 相似文献
993.
The water content and habitability of terrestrial planets are determined during their final assembly, from perhaps 100 1,000-km "planetary embryos " and a swarm of billions of 1-10-km "planetesimals. " During this process, we assume that water-rich material is accreted by terrestrial planets via impacts of water-rich bodies that originate in the outer asteroid region. We present analysis of water delivery and planetary habitability in five high-resolution simulations containing about 10 times more particles than in previous simulations. These simulations formed 15 terrestrial planets from 0.4 to 2.6 Earth masses, including five planets in the habitable zone. Every planet from each simulation accreted at least the Earth's current water budget; most accreted several times that amount (assuming no impact depletion). Each planet accreted at least five water-rich embryos and planetesimals from the past 2.5 astronomical units; most accreted 10-20 water-rich bodies. We present a new model for water delivery to terrestrial planets in dynamically calm systems, with low-eccentricity or low-mass giant planets-such systems may be very common in the Galaxy. We suggest that water is accreted in comparable amounts from a few planetary embryos in a " hit or miss " way and from millions of planetesimals in a statistically robust process. Variations in water content are likely to be caused by fluctuations in the number of water-rich embryos accreted, as well as from systematic effects, such as planetary mass and location, and giant planet properties. 相似文献
994.
995.
G.I. Pugacheva D.M. Boscher A.A. Gusev I.M. Martin W.N. Spjeldvik 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2000,25(12):2323-2326
The resulting L-distributions and energy spectra of energetic magnetospheric electrons obtained from numerical solution of the radiation belt transport equation with and without accounting for electron synchrotron energy losses are compared. It is demonstrated that synchrotron losses play an important role in formation of the space and energetic distributions of electrons in the inner magnetosphere. 相似文献
996.
Development of a plant growth unit for growing plants over a long-term life cycle under microgravity conditions. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Y Kitaya A Tani E Goto T Saito H Takahashi 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2000,26(2):281-288
To study the effect of the space environment on plant growth including the reproductive growth and genetic aberration for a long-term plant life cycle, we have initiated development of a new type of facility for growing plants under microgravity conditions. The facility is constructed with subsystems for controlling environmental elements. In this paper, the concept of the facility design is outlined. Subsystems controlling air temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, light and air circulation around plants and delivering recycled water and nutrients to roots are the major concerns. Plant experiments for developing the facility and future plant experiments with the completed facility are also overviewed. We intend to install this facility in the Japan Experiment Facility (JEM) boarded on the International Space Station. 相似文献
997.
Green J.L. Benson R.F. Fung S.F. Taylor W.W.L. Boardsen S.A. Reinisch B.W. Haines D.M. Bibl K. Cheney G. Galkin I.A. Huang X. Myers S.H. Sales G.S. Bougeret J.-L. Manning R. Meyer-Vernet N. Moncuquet M. Carpenter D.L. Gallagher D.L. Reiff P.H. 《Space Science Reviews》2000,91(1-2):361-389
The Radio Plasma Imager (RPI) will be the first-of-its kind instrument designed to use radio wave sounding techniques to perform repetitive remote sensing measurements of electron number density (N
e) structures and the dynamics of the magnetosphere and plasmasphere. RPI will fly on the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) mission to be launched early in the year 2000. The design of the RPI is based on recent advances in radio transmitter and receiver design and modern digital processing techniques perfected for ground-based ionospheric sounding over the last two decades. Free-space electromagnetic waves transmitted by the RPI located in the low-density magnetospheric cavity will be reflected at distant plasma cutoffs. The location and characteristics of the plasma at those remote reflection points can then be derived from measurements of the echo amplitude, phase, delay time, frequency, polarization, Doppler shift, and echo direction. The 500 m tip-to-tip X and Y (spin plane) antennas and 20 m Z axis antenna on RPI will be used to measures echoes coming from distances of several R
E. RPI will operate at frequencies between 3 kHz to 3 MHz and will provide quantitative N
e values from 10–1 to 105 cm–3. Ray tracing calculations, combined with specific radio imager instrument characteristics, enables simulations of RPI measurements. These simulations have been performed throughout an IMAGE orbit and under different model magnetospheric conditions. They dramatically show that radio sounding can be used quite successfully to measure a wealth of magnetospheric phenomena such as magnetopause boundary motions and plasmapause dynamics. The radio imaging technique will provide a truly exciting opportunity to study global magnetospheric dynamics in a way that was never before possible. 相似文献
998.
The Radio Plasma Imager investigation on the IMAGE spacecraft 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Reinisch B.W. Haines D.M. Bibl K. Cheney G. Galkin I.A. Huang X. Myers S.H. Sales G.S. Benson R.F. Fung S.F. Green J.L. Boardsen S. Taylor W.W.L. Bougeret J.-L. Manning R. Meyer-Vernet N. Moncuquet M. Carpenter D.L. Gallagher D.L. Reiff P. 《Space Science Reviews》2000,91(1-2):319-359
Radio plasma imaging uses total reflection of electromagnetic waves from plasmas whose plasma frequencies equal the radio sounding frequency and whose electron density gradients are parallel to the wave normals. The Radio Plasma Imager (RPI) has two orthogonal 500-m long dipole antennas in the spin plane for near omni-directional transmission. The third antenna is a 20-m dipole along the spin axis. Echoes from the magnetopause, plasmasphere and cusp will be received with the three orthogonal antennas, allowing the determination of their angle-of-arrival. Thus it will be possible to create image fragments of the reflecting density structures. The instrument can execute a large variety of programmable measuring options at frequencies between 3 kHz and 3 MHz. Tuning of the transmit antennas provides optimum power transfer from the 10 W transmitter to the antennas. The instrument can operate in three active sounding modes: (1) remote sounding to probe magnetospheric boundaries, (2) local (relaxation) sounding to probe the local plasma frequency and scalar magnetic field, and (3) whistler stimulation sounding. In addition, there is a passive mode to record natural emissions, and to determine the local electron density, the scalar magnetic field, and temperature by using a thermal noise spectroscopy technique. 相似文献
999.
刘杨 濮祖荫 谢伦 郭瑞龙 王晓钢 肖池阶 史全岐 DUNLOP M BOGDANOVA Y V MOORE T E RUSSELL C T LINDQVIST P A TORBERT R B POLLOCK C ZHAO Cong 《空间科学学报》2018,38(2):147-168
利用MMS观测数据,对磁层顶通量绳内离子惯性尺度(di)的结构进行分析研究.结果发现,许多不同尺度(约1di至数十di)的通量绳内都存在具有di尺度的电流 j m,其方向在磁层顶局地坐标系的-M方向,即与磁层顶查普曼-费拉罗电流同向,由电子在+M方向的运动( v em)携带.这些电流结构具有以下特征:磁鞘与磁层成分混合,磁场为开放形态;离子去磁化,电子与磁场冻结;N方向(即垂直于磁层顶电流片方向)的电场 E n显著增大,幅度达到约20mV·m-1,并伴有明显的尖峰状起伏,该增强和尖峰状起伏的电场对应于霍尔电场.分析表明,电流、电子与离子运动的偏离以及霍尔电场之间遵从广义欧姆定律,三者密切关联.进一步对磁层顶磁重联的探测数据进行分析发现,在很多重联区内也存在与通量绳内相似的结构,其尺度约为di量级,其中霍尔电场 E N、电流 j M和电子速度 v eM均与通量绳内对应物理量的方向相同且幅度相近.基于上述观测事实,采用经典FTE通量绳模型,对通量绳内电流、电子运动和霍尔电场的起源进行了初步探讨,认为其来源于磁层顶无碰撞磁重联区内的相应结构,并且后者在离子尺度通量绳的形成过程中起到重要作用. 相似文献
1000.
本文通过STARE观测的晨不连续性及其与TRIAD观测的场向电流分界区、AE-C卫星观测的电场转向区位置的比较,提出了在高扰日向阳面对流电场转向区位置存在着晨不对称性——晨半面所处纬度低于昏半面.该现象间接说明向阳面磁层边界层也存在某种不对称性.并在观测基础上对可造成该不对称性的物理因子进行了探讨,认为行星际磁场螺线结构对重连区位置的影响及其产生的激波结构的晨昏不对称性很可能与本文中讨论的现象有一定联系. 相似文献