一种L波段国产GaN固态雷达发射机

为了应对国产雷达所有元器件均国产化需求,设计了一款工作频点在1.2GHZ~ 1.4 GHz的国产氮化镓（gallium nitride,GaN）固态雷达发射机。使用国产GaN功率模块对发射系统最大限度地进行小型化设计,降低组件的重量,加强设备的高可靠性及维护方便性设计,进一步完善GaN功率模块在线测试功能,使产品具有高可靠性和完善的雷达故障诊断功能。增加系统的监控、检测及显示功能,并将各种工作状态信号都传输到主监控上,使系统的各种工作状态都能够在终端上显示,使操作人员通过终端界面便可以检查发射系统的各种工作参数,判断发射机的工作状态。在电磁兼容方面通过谐波滤波器对二次谐波的抑制,测试结果表明,发射系统输出信号的二次谐波小于等于-66dB。     

粉末GH4169 合金中的原始颗粒边界问题

探讨了粉末GH4169高温合金中的原始颗粒边界的形成机理、其对合金组织性能的影响以及消除措施等。结果表明:粉末GH4169合金中原始颗粒边界组织主要由MC碳化物构成,而在粉末成型前进行预热处理可以有效抑制原始颗粒边界组织的生成,提高合金综合性能。     

民用飞机舱门飞行锁机构接触力计算分析

研究飞机飞行锁机构中的接触力对于民用飞机飞行锁机构的设计具有重要意义。首先介绍飞行锁机构的功能和主要设计依据,阐明某民用飞机飞行锁机构的工作原理,并对其传力路径进行分析;然后采用工程算法、多刚体模型和多柔体模型三种计算方法计算飞行锁工作时曲柄与飞行锁摇臂之间的接触力;最后对三种计算方法进行对比,分析不同方法计算得到的接触力力值产生差异的原因。结果表明:多刚体模型计算值与工程算法计算值产生差异的主要原因是机构空行程导致的力臂变化,多柔体模型计算值与多刚体模型计算值产生差异的原因主要是受力过程中的结构变形。     

Reliability-based trajectory optimization using nonintrusive polynomial chaos for Mars entry mission

This paper presents the reliability-based sequential optimization (RBSO) method to settle the trajectory optimization problem with parametric uncertainties in entry dynamics for Mars entry mission. First, the deterministic entry trajectory optimization model is reviewed, and then the reliability-based optimization model is formulated. In addition, the modified sequential optimization method, in which the nonintrusive polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) method and the most probable point (MPP) searching method are employed, is proposed to solve the reliability-based optimization problem efficiently. The nonintrusive PCE method contributes to the transformation between the stochastic optimization (SO) and the deterministic optimization (DO) and to the approximation of trajectory solution efficiently. The MPP method, which is used for assessing the reliability of constraints satisfaction only up to the necessary level, is employed to further improve the computational efficiency. The cycle including SO, reliability assessment and constraints update is repeated in the RBSO until the reliability requirements of constraints satisfaction are satisfied. Finally, the RBSO is compared with the traditional DO and the traditional sequential optimization based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulation in a specific Mars entry mission to demonstrate the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed method.     

航天器表面环境散射返回流污染数值模拟和影响因素分析

针对航天器表面出气分子形成的环境散射返回流污染问题,利用试验粒子Monte Carlo方法对圆球和圆柱体简化航天器表面环境散射返回流进行数值模拟。其中,圆球出气表面的计算结果与已有的DSMC(Direct Simulation Monte Carlo)方法计算结果一致,验证了该方法的正确性。此外,对不同长径比的圆柱表面环境散射进行了计算和分析,结果表明:来流方向垂直于圆柱对称轴时,返回分子主要分布在圆柱体侧面的迎风部位;返回通量比随来流与出气分子质量之比的增加逐渐减小,随来流与出气表面温度之比、来流分子速度比和数密度的增加而增大;不同长径比条件下返回通量比相对于上述4个参数的变化具有相似性和递变性,短粗体的返回通量比最小,长细体的最大,正常圆柱体的则居中;返回通量比相对来流攻角的变化在不同长径比条件下不再具有相似性,而是取决于有效迎风面积。     

高空环境下喷嘴参数对航空活塞发动机燃烧与性能的影响

以一台四缸四冲程压燃式航空煤油活塞发动机为研究机型,运用工程系统高级建模和仿真平台软件(AMESim)仿真软件建立了发动机的整机模型,并使用台架实验的采集数据对该仿真模型进行了验证。在高空环境中,仿真分析了飞行器起飞工况、最大巡航工况下发动机喷油器的不同喷孔数、孔径对发动机燃烧过程、性能和NOx排放特性的影响。计算结果表明:稳态工况下,随着喷孔数的增加,最高燃烧压力和温度增加,瞬时放热率增长速度快且峰值上升;同时,缸内预混燃烧得到强化,燃烧始点提前,滞燃期和燃烧持续期缩短,燃烧重心前移,循环热效率增高,但同时会提高NOx的生成量;在飞行器瞬态变海拔的起飞工况下,多喷孔数、小孔径的喷油嘴有利于航空活塞发动机在高空环境下恢复发动机功率,提升飞行器的动力性和续航性能。      

Influence of lunar topography on simulated surface temperature

The surface temperature of the Moon is one of the essential parameters for the lunar exploration, especially to evaluate the Moon thermophysical features. The distribution of the temperature is heavily influenced by the Moon topography, which, however, is rarely studied in the state-of-art surface temperature models. Therefore, this paper takes the Moon topography into account to improve the surface temperature model, Racca model. The main parameters, such as slopes along the longitude and latitude directions, are estimated with the topography data from Chang’E-1 satellite and the Horn algorithm. Then the effective solar illumination model is then constructed with the slopes and the relative position to the subsolar point. Finally, the temperature distribution over the Moon surface is obtained with the effective illumination model and the improved Racca model. The results indicate that the distribution of the temperature is very sensitive to the fluctuation of the Moon surface. The change of the surface temperature is up to 150 K in some places compared to the result without considering the topography. In addition, the variation of the surface temperature increases with the distance from the subsolar point and the elevation, along both latitude and longitude directions. Furthermore, the simulated surface temperature coincides well with the brightness temperature in 37 GHz observed by the microwave sounder onboard Chang’E-2 satellite. The corresponded emissivity map not only eliminates the influence of the topography, but also hints the inherent properties of the lunar regolith just below the surface. Last but not the least, the distribution of the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) in the lunar pole area is also evaluated with the simulated surface temperature result.     

Dynamics and control of spacecraft hovering using the geomagnetic Lorentz force

To achieve hovering, a spacecraft thrusts continuously to induce an equilibrium state at a desired position. Due to the constraints on the quantity of propellant onboard, long-time hovering around low-Earth orbits (LEO) is hardly achievable using traditional chemical propulsion. The Lorentz force, acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through a planetary magnetic field, provides a new propellantless method for orbital maneuvers. This paper investigates the feasibility of using the induced Lorentz force as an auxiliary means of propulsion for spacecraft hovering. Assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field is a dipole that rotates with the Earth, a dynamical model that characterizes the relative motion of Lorentz spacecraft is derived to analyze the required open-loop control acceleration for hovering. Based on this dynamical model, we first present the hovering configurations that could achieve propellantless hovering and the corresponding required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft. For other configurations, optimal open-loop control laws that minimize the control energy consumption are designed. Likewise, the optimal trajectories of required specific charge and control acceleration are both presented. The effect of orbital inclination on the expenditure of control energy is also analyzed. Further, we also develop a closed-loop control approach for propellantless hovering. Numerical results prove the validity of proposed control methods for hovering and show that hovering around low-Earth orbits would be achievable if the required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft becomes feasible in the future. Typically, hovering radially several kilometers above a target in LEO requires specific charges on the order of 0.1 C/kg.     

民航陆空通话会话分析

民航飞行中的陆空通话具有交际会话的性质。本文利用会话分析理论,分析了民航陆空通话的整体结构,局部结构和机构性特征。     

空间真空环境下密封电磁继电器的触点失效研究

密封电磁继电器有其固有的漏率,在应用于空间真空环境下由于气体泄漏使得其内部气体压力逐渐降低,导致继电器的触点在低气压环境下工作失效（负载切换时）。文章选择国产继电器样品对上述机理进行了试验验证,并对继电器内部气体压力与触点电弧失效的规律进行了研究。