GNSS global real-time augmentation positioning: Real-time precise satellite clock estimation,prototype system construction and performance analysis

Lots of ambiguities in un-differenced (UD) model lead to lower calculation efficiency, which isn’t appropriate for the high-frequency real-time GNSS clock estimation, like 1 Hz. Mixed differenced model fusing UD pseudo-range and epoch-differenced (ED) phase observations has been introduced into real-time clock estimation. In this contribution, we extend the mixed differenced model for realizing multi-GNSS real-time clock high-frequency updating and a rigorous comparison and analysis on same conditions are performed to achieve the best real-time clock estimation performance taking the efficiency, accuracy, consistency and reliability into consideration. Based on the multi-GNSS real-time data streams provided by multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) and Wuhan University, GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning prototype system is designed and constructed, including real-time precise orbit determination, real-time precise clock estimation, real-time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) and real-time Standard Point Positioning (RT-SPP). The statistical analysis of the 6 h-predicted real-time orbits shows that the root mean square (RMS) in radial direction is about 1–5 cm for GPS, Beidou MEO and Galileo satellites and about 10 cm for Beidou GEO and IGSO satellites. Using the mixed differenced estimation model, the prototype system can realize high-efficient real-time satellite absolute clock estimation with no constant clock-bias and can be used for high-frequency augmentation message updating (such as 1 Hz). The real-time augmentation message signal-in-space ranging error (SISRE), a comprehensive accuracy of orbit and clock and effecting the users’ actual positioning performance, is introduced to evaluate and analyze the performance of GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning system. The statistical analysis of real-time augmentation message SISRE is about 4–7 cm for GPS, whlile 10 cm for Beidou IGSO/MEO, Galileo and about 30 cm for BeiDou GEO satellites. The real-time positioning results prove that the GPS + BeiDou + Galileo RT-PPP comparing to GPS-only can effectively accelerate convergence time by about 60%, improve the positioning accuracy by about 30% and obtain averaged RMS 4 cm in horizontal and 6 cm in vertical; additionally RT-SPP accuracy in the prototype system can realize positioning accuracy with about averaged RMS 1 m in horizontal and 1.5–2 m in vertical, which are improved by 60% and 70% to SPP based on broadcast ephemeris, respectively.     

机场安检人员疲劳自评量表设计及检验

通过参考国内外成熟的主观疲劳量表,结合机场安检人员岗位特点,确定影响疲劳的心理因素,编制适用于机场安检人员的疲劳自评量表(FSAS)。对回收的有效问卷数据进行信度、效度及相关性分析,结果显示:KMO为0.848,Bartlett的球形度检验的相伴概率为0,表明量表适合做因子分析;Cronbach’sа为0.908,说明量表内部具有很好的信度。结论:所编制的机场安检人员疲劳自评量表有效且可信,可为初步测量安检人员健康状态提供依据。     

Analysis of precipitable water vapour characteristics from GNSS measurements during the snow season in Liaoning Province,China

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) remote sensing precipitable water vapour (PWV) data from November 2015 to March 2019 were combined with snowfall observation data and used to analyse PWV characteristics in Liaoning Province during the snow season (from November to March the following year) and their relationship with snowfall. The potential of using GNSS for PWV measurements was demonstrated using sounding data with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.9 and a mean bias error lower than 0.5 mm. According to the GNSS PWV data gathered at 30-min intervals from 68 GNSS stations in Liaoning during the snow season, the monthly PWV average was highest in November and lowest in January. Negative correlations were found between PWV and altitude. Most of the water vapour was concentrated in the low layer of the atmosphere, and the contribution of this vapour to the PWV was higher during the snow season than in summer. A total of 43 snow cases were identified using the snowfall records from 53 GNSS stations, and the characteristics of PWV during these snowfalls were analysed. An increase in PWV was observed before snowfall events. Moreover, the influence of synoptic systems and air mass origins on PWV was analysed based on National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data and the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. The results show that the water vapour condition was better when the synoptic systems or air masses came from areas south of Liaoning.     

大涵道比涡扇发动机涡轮过渡流道一体化设计研究

为了提高大涵道比涡扇发动机气动性能,降低其燃油消耗与污染物排放,同时考虑成本与重量因素,针对其高、低压涡轮之间的过渡流道,提出了一体化概念,即新设计的支板代替原型整流支板与低压涡轮第一级导叶,使其也能够为下游转子提供合适的进气条件。对一算例开展了设计工作,并通过数值模拟进行了流场分析,结果表明带一体化支板涡轮过渡流道与原型涡轮过渡流道出口马赫数与切向速度吻合很好,验证了一体化设计的有效性。带一体化支板的过渡流道设计点工况总压损失为4.3%,较原型流道总压损失略有增大(原型流道总压损失4.1%),但带一体化支板的过渡流道更能适应非设计点工况,具有一定的优越性。     

A novel in-plane mode rotary ultrasonic motor

Ultrasonic motors have the merits of high ratio of torque to volume, high positioning precision, intrinsic holding torque, etc., compared to the conventional electromagnetic motors. There have been several potential applications for this type of motor in aerospace exploration, but bearings and bonding mechanism of the piezoelectric ring in the motors limit the performance of them in the space operation conditions. It is known that the Langevin type transducer has excel- lent energy efficiency and reliability. Hence using the Langevin type transducer in ultrasonic motors may improve the reliability of piezoelectric motors for space applications. In this study, a novel in-plane mode rotary ultrasonic motor is designed, fabricated, and characterized. The proposed motor operates in in-plane vibration mode which is excited by four Langevin-type bending vibra- tors separately placed around a ring-shaped stator. Two tapered rotors are assembled to the inner ring of the stator and clamped together by a screw nut. In order to make the motor more stable and convenient to fix, a thin cylindrical support is placed under the stator ring. Due to its no-bearing structure and Langevin transducer excitation, the prototype ultrasonic motor may operate well in aeronautic and astronautic environments.     

基于激光吸收光谱技术的超声速气流测量研究

为研究可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱测量技术在工业环境中的应用,采用波长调制光谱测量方法,对超燃直连式试验台隔离段内的超声速气流进行了测量研究。通过对7185.60cm-1和7454.45cm-12条H2O吸收谱线的频率标定和多普勒频移测量,实现了高速气流速度的实时在线测量,测量值相对于预测值的偏差在3%以内。基于2条H2O吸收谱线的光谱参数和激光调制参数,建立了基于实验环境的仿真数据库。采用频分复用方法,通过迭代求解了隔离段内的温度和组分浓度,其结果相对于预测值的偏差分别在4%和12%以内。该方法不仅能够实现不同谱线的同步实时测量,而且验证了在恶劣环境下的应用效果。     

带二次流增推喷管的脉冲爆震发动机推进性能分析

为了研究带二次流喷管的脉冲爆震发动机的推进性能,结合广义一维流动模型和等容循环模型建立了对应的数学模型,对在二次流影响下的喷管推力系数进行了研究。计算结果表明:在定常流动中,若喷管几何构型不变,当喷管落压比小于一个临界值时,注入二次流可以提高其性能。在爆震循环中,若燃烧后压力一定,存在一个最佳扩张比的喷管,使发动机平均推力系数达到最大值,若二次流连续注入,当喷管的扩张比大于一个临界值时,注入二次流会提高发动机性能,但是不能提高其最大平均推力系数;采用间断注入二次流的方案,可以提高此燃烧后压力对应的最大平均推力系数,当燃烧后压力为5MPa时,提升率可以达到2.4%。     

旋转爆轰发动机工作过程的数值模拟

为了深入研究旋转爆轰发动机工作过程,采用高精度高分辨率迎风通量分裂格式(AUSMPW+)、氢氧7组分8反应化学动力学模型,求解三维带化学反应的Euler方程。对旋转爆轰发动机工作过程进行了数值模拟,分析了采用预爆轰管点火过程的流场特征以及整个发动机推力、推力偏心距、侧向力随时间的变化规律。计算结果表明:切向预爆轰管紧贴喷注入口时,点火过程仅产生一道单向爆轰波,能成功点燃旋转爆轰发动机;在本文给定的计算条件下,旋转爆轰发动机平均推力约180N,旋转爆轰波传播频率约为14285Hz;旋转发动机正常工作过程中,推力偏心矩、侧向力随时间周期性变化。     

某型飞机蓄压器O型橡胶密封圈失效分析

某型飞机蓄压器在例行耐久循环试验过程中,因进气口端的O型密封圈失效而发生了漏气故障。通过对失效橡胶密封圈形态的宏观观察、断口微观分析及工作过程分析,找出了该橡胶密封圈失效原因,并提出了建议。     

一种弹载毫米波全极化单脉冲环焦反射面天线的设计

提出了一种弹载毫米波全极化环焦反射面天线的设计方案,设计了其结构参数,并对其电性能进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,提出的全极化环焦反射面天线的设计方案电性能参数合理,适用于在弹载环境下应用。