25t级氢氧膨胀循环发动机推力室氧腔流动仿真

为提高25 t级氢氧膨胀循环发动机推力室氧喷嘴出口流量均匀性,采用CFD方法对氧腔内流场进行了三维稳态数值仿真研究,分析了造成出口流量分布不均的原因,并据此设计了4种改进结构的氧腔,对每种结构进行了细节优化。通过数值仿真得到了不同方案氧腔内的流场分布以及喷嘴出口流量分布,对比分析了均流板和液氧入口结构对出口流量均匀性的...     

仿猫月球着陆缓冲机构设计与缓冲特性研究

针对现有被动式铝蜂窝月球着陆器缓冲力波动大、无法重复使用的问题,提出一种基于磁流变缓冲器的仿猫月球着陆缓冲机构。首先,开展了不同高度平台的家猫跳落实验,对其跳落着陆姿态与前/后腿触地冲量进行了分析,探究其缓冲吸能机理;实验结果表明猫后腿的缓冲吸能占比更高。其次,结合猫跳落实验与中国嫦娥系列月球着陆器参数,设计了一种新构型仿猫着陆缓冲机构,并将其与嫦娥着陆器进行了仿真分析对比。结果表明,所提出的仿猫月球着陆缓冲机构,其机体最大加速度降低了18.3%,具有更为出色的着陆性能。其前腿缓冲吸能贡献约为40%,后腿的缓冲贡献度约为60%,与家猫高台跳落实验结果基本吻合,验证了仿猫月球着陆缓冲机构设计方案的合理性。     

Acceptance sampling plan of accelerated life testing for lognormal distribution under time-censoring

Lognormal distribution is commonly used in engineering.It is also a life distribution of important research values.For long-life products follow this distribution,it is necessary to apply accelerated testing techniques to product demonstration.This paper describes the development of accelerated life testing sampling plans(ALSPs)for lognormal distribution under time-censoring conditions.ALSPs take both producer and consumer risks into account,and they can be designed to work whether acceleration factor(AF)is known or unknown.When AF is known,life testing is assumed to be conducted under accelerated conditions with time-censoring.The producer and consumer risks are satisfied,and the size of test sample and the size of acceptance number are optimized.Then sensitivity analyses are conducted.When AF is unknown,two or more predetermined levels of accelerated stress are used.The sample sizes and sample proportion allocated to each stress level are optimized.The acceptance constant that satisfies producer and consumer risk is obtained by minimizing the generalized asymptotic variance of the test statistics.Finally,the properties of the two ALSPs(one for known-AF conditions and one for unknownAF conditions)are investigated to show that the proposed method is correct and usable through numerical examples.     

Cracking and Mechanical Properties of Airport Concrete Pavement with Fiber and Expansive Agent

Polypropylene fiber and expansive agent are used in airport concrete to improve its shrinkage cracking resistance and mechanical properties. The concrete specimens with amount content of polypropylene fiber or expansive agent or both of them are prepared. The morphology of specimens is observed by scanning electron microscope, the time when the first crack occurred is recorded through slap test, and the mechanical properties such as compressive strength and impact energies of concrete are measured. The results show that polypropylene fiber in concrete can reduce the shrinkage and delay the first crack, improve the impact resistance obviously, and improve the compressive strength slightly. Expansive agent can compensate the shrinkage and reduce cracks of concrete pavement markedly, and improve the mechanical properties of concrete pavement slightly. The study provides recommendations for cracking control of airport concrete pavement in the future.     

Analysis of driving efficiency for LRV wheels using forced-slip method

To investigate and improve the mobility of the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV), it is necessary to consider the mechanical properties of the interaction between the wheels and the ground. In this paper, a new solution method, the forced-slip solution method, which uses a semi-empirical approach, was presented. That is, given the wheel’s vertical load and drawbar pull or driving torque as known input values, the unknown slip ratio can be resolved. The alternative method involves predicting the mechanics for a given slip ratio. The proposed method correlates better with actual wheel movements, and by studying a single wheel, this solution method can also be used to resolve the mechanical properties of the front and rear wheels in a four-wheel-drive (4WD) LRV configuration. It can also be used to consider the multi-pass effect of the rear wheels on lunar soil. The calculation results show that the 4WD LRV driving efficiency varies with the position of the center of mass. Thus, the LRV driving efficiency can be optimized by adjusting the position of its center of mass.     

细编穿刺C/C复合材料热导率数值模拟

根据细编穿刺复合材料的细观和微观结构,分别建立了纤维束和细编穿刺单胞有限元模型。采用周期性非绝热温度边界条件,计算了纤维束和材料整体的等效热导率。计算结果与经验公式比较,具有高度的一致性。在此基础上,进一步研究了纤维体积分数、基体和纤维热导率对材料热导率的影响。结果表明,随着纤维含量的增加,材料两个方向热导率均有不同程度的下降,且差异逐渐减小,且基体对热导率影响作用较大。文中采用的模型和周期性边界条件与理论预期符合较好,为材料热学和热力耦合问题的分析提供了有用参考。     

Tribological evaluation of surface modified H13 tool steel in warm forming of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy sheet

The H13 hot-working tool steel is widely used as die material in the warm forming of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy sheet. However, under the heating condition, severe friction and lubricating conditions between the H13 tools and Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy sheet would cause difficulty in guaranteeing forming quality. Surface modification may be used to control the level of friction force, reduce the friction wear and extend the service life of dies. In this paper, four surface modification methods(chromium plating, TiAlN coating, surface polishing and nitriding treatment)were applied to the H13 surfaces. Taking the coefficient of friction(CoF) and the wear degree as evaluation indicators, the high-temperature tribological behavior of the surface modified H13 steel was experimentally investigated under different tribological conditions. The results of this study indicate that the tribological properties of the TiAlN coating under dry friction condition are better than the others for a wide range of temperature(from room temperature to 500 C), while there is little difference of tribological properties between different surface modifications under graphite lubricated condition, and the variation law of CoF with temperature under graphite lubricated is opposite to that under the dry friction.     

采用长细管法进行脉动压力转捩探测的实验研究

为了简便地使用测量模型表面脉动压力特征的方法探测边界层转捩位置,需要研究脉动压力传感器接在传统测压模型外的适用性,即通过长细管将模型表面的脉动压力信号传递到脉动压力传感器上的方式是否可得到转捩的特征信号。首先采用信号发生器驱动扬声器,在无风条件下,测量了长细管对不同频率声压信号的传递损失情况。证明了所采用的长细管系统具有合适的工作频带。然后在西北工业大学NF-3低速风洞二元实验段、实验风速为30m/s的条件下,对弦长为800mm、展长为1.6m的翼型模型沿弦向进行了脉动压力信号测量,并通过改进的数据处理技术判断了模型表面的转捩位置。研究结果表明,采用长细管系统进行脉动压力方法转捩探测具有一定应用价值,值得进一步深入研究。