An optimization tool for satellite equipment layout

Selection of the satellite equipment layout with performance constraints is a complex task which can be viewed as a constrained multi-objective optimization and a multiple criteria decision making problem. The layout design of a satellite cabin involves the process of locating the required equipment in a limited space, thereby satisfying various behavioral constraints of the interior and exterior environments. The layout optimization of satellite cabin in this paper includes the C.G. offset, the moments of inertia and the space debris impact risk of the system, of which the impact risk index is developed to quantify the risk to a satellite cabin of coming into contact with space debris. In this paper an optimization tool for the integration of CAD software as well as the optimization algorithms is presented, which is developed to automatically find solutions for a three-dimensional layout of equipment in satellite. The effectiveness of the tool is also demonstrated by applying to the layout optimization of a satellite platform.     

基于碱金属辅助电离的等离子鞘套模拟方法

为解决再入过程中通信黑障与探测异常问题，对等离子体鞘套地面模拟方法进行了研究。以RAM C-II 飞行试验为依据，计算了等离子体鞘套的参数范围。分析现有模拟设备，概括提出了高焓低速风洞的模拟方案，选取相适应的放电方式，并对流量功率进行了计算。针对高温环境对电磁设备造成损坏以及所需功率难以实现的问题，提出添加碱金属的解决方案，并进行了试验验证。试验结果表明，添加碱金属可以使电子密度提升约一个数量级。对方案效果进行评估，预期功率需求降至兆瓦量级。     

GNSS global real-time augmentation positioning: Real-time precise satellite clock estimation,prototype system construction and performance analysis

Lots of ambiguities in un-differenced (UD) model lead to lower calculation efficiency, which isn’t appropriate for the high-frequency real-time GNSS clock estimation, like 1 Hz. Mixed differenced model fusing UD pseudo-range and epoch-differenced (ED) phase observations has been introduced into real-time clock estimation. In this contribution, we extend the mixed differenced model for realizing multi-GNSS real-time clock high-frequency updating and a rigorous comparison and analysis on same conditions are performed to achieve the best real-time clock estimation performance taking the efficiency, accuracy, consistency and reliability into consideration. Based on the multi-GNSS real-time data streams provided by multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) and Wuhan University, GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning prototype system is designed and constructed, including real-time precise orbit determination, real-time precise clock estimation, real-time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) and real-time Standard Point Positioning (RT-SPP). The statistical analysis of the 6 h-predicted real-time orbits shows that the root mean square (RMS) in radial direction is about 1–5 cm for GPS, Beidou MEO and Galileo satellites and about 10 cm for Beidou GEO and IGSO satellites. Using the mixed differenced estimation model, the prototype system can realize high-efficient real-time satellite absolute clock estimation with no constant clock-bias and can be used for high-frequency augmentation message updating (such as 1 Hz). The real-time augmentation message signal-in-space ranging error (SISRE), a comprehensive accuracy of orbit and clock and effecting the users’ actual positioning performance, is introduced to evaluate and analyze the performance of GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning system. The statistical analysis of real-time augmentation message SISRE is about 4–7 cm for GPS, whlile 10 cm for Beidou IGSO/MEO, Galileo and about 30 cm for BeiDou GEO satellites. The real-time positioning results prove that the GPS + BeiDou + Galileo RT-PPP comparing to GPS-only can effectively accelerate convergence time by about 60%, improve the positioning accuracy by about 30% and obtain averaged RMS 4 cm in horizontal and 6 cm in vertical; additionally RT-SPP accuracy in the prototype system can realize positioning accuracy with about averaged RMS 1 m in horizontal and 1.5–2 m in vertical, which are improved by 60% and 70% to SPP based on broadcast ephemeris, respectively.     

基于稀疏时频分解的空中目标微动特征分析

本文以直升机的RCS 信号为研究对象，利用Gabor 原子构造过完备时频原子库，在该库上实现基于匹配追踪（Matching Pursuit，MP）的信号分解，并结合遗传算法寻找最佳匹配原子。最后将每次分解得到的Gabor 原子进行Wigner-Ville 变换，利用结果叠加得到无交叉干扰项的信号的Wigner-Ville 分布（Wigner-VilleDistribution，WVD）。仿真结果表明，该方法能够提高稀疏分解的效率，并且用少量的Gabor 原子就能表示信号WVD。与直接进行Wigner-Ville 变换相比，本方法可以有效地抑制交叉干扰项，且保持高时频分辨率。     

甲烷/空气预混火焰回火特性数值模拟

为了获得有效的预测回火极限的数值模拟方法,对甲烷/空气预混火焰进行了数值模拟。采用不同的反应机理和燃烧模型,针对一个二维轴对称的本生灯,分别对甲烷/空气预混层流火焰和湍流火焰进行了数值模拟,预测了甲烷/空气预混火焰的回火特性,并与Johnson的实验结果进行了对比。对层流火焰的模拟结果表明,采用Smooke-46反应机理能够较为准确地预测层流回火极限。而单步化学反应所预测的层流回火极限要比实验值低得多,这说明单步化学反应下的火焰更难以发生回火。对湍流火焰的模拟结果表明,涡耗散概念模型比有限速率模型更准确地预测了湍流回火极限。有限速率模型所预测的回火极限略高于实验值。     

激光捷联惯组静、动态安装精度理论计算分析

由于试验技术条件的限制,激光捷联惯组的静、动态安装精度一直无法用试验方法测试。通过理论计算的方法,对某型号激光捷联惯组静、动态安装精度满足总体指标的情况予以详细说明。该理论分析方法对其他型号安装精度理论分析具有一定的指导意义。     

提升通用飞机气动效率的设计策略研究

针对目前通用飞机借鉴大中型运输类飞机常规设计方法造成的气动效率较低、经济性较差的现状,分析通用飞机相对于其他飞机所具有的不同的设计特点;从空气动力学基本原理出发,结合通用飞机的特点,推导并分析其气动效率低下主要是由两个方面的矛盾耦合所造成的;提出可以有效改善通用飞机气动效率的设计策略;通过通用飞机总体参数设计优化实例印证新设计策略的有效性。结果表明:新设计策略可有效改善通用飞机的气动性能,提高其经济性,但相关研究具有较大的挑战性。     

垂直起降飞行器升力突降动态过程的数值模拟研究

针对短距/垂直起降(STOVL)飞行器动态起飞过程,采用基于雷诺时均方程的标准k-ε模型数值模拟STOVL飞行器气动流场,研究STOVL飞行器吸附力大小,获得了动态过程吸附力随冲击高度变化曲线,发现升力板下壁面主涡结构的存在和运动影响升力板静压沿程分布。在无量纲冲击高度小于3时,吸附力曲线斜率增大,吸附作用增加,并对比稳态结果,发现动态过程吸附力要大于稳态过程,在无量纲高度为1.5时,两者相差26%。流场响应迟滞是造成稳态、动态过程结果差异的原因。     

毫米波G波段的反射式准光环行器

为建立毫米波测试系统以及解决高频段的测试问题,研究了毫米波G波段(140-220GHz)的准光环行器。采用的反射式设计能够方便地调整偏置磁场,从而降低铁氧体厚度等参数的要求,由此合理优化器件的多层介质模型。实验中搭建了准光学的测试平台,建立准光学的测试方法,并研究了该频段的介质特性。频段170-195GHz上的测量结果显示,G波段的反射式环行器在8%的相对带宽上,隔离度大于20dB,插入损耗小于3.6dB。研究表明,反射式环行器放宽了设计参数的允许偏差,适合在高频段系统中应用。