基于高增益观测器的航迹角自适应反步控制

针对飞行控制系统中状态向量不完全可测量的问题,设计了一种高增益神经网络自适应观测器.在常规高增益观测器的基础上引入径向基(RBF, Radial Basis Function)网络自适应项,对建模误差和外界干扰进行在线估计.将高增益观测器与基于动态面的反步控制相结合,提出了一种神经网络自适应反步控制方法.引入一阶滤波器,避免了传统反步控制中的"计算膨胀"问题.基于Lyapunov稳定性理论,给出自适应输出反馈控制器和RBF网络权值向量的自适应律,并证明了闭环系统是半全局一致有界.从航迹角控制系统仿真结果可以看出,航迹角能够较好地跟踪指令信号,不受建模误差和外界干扰的影响,所设计的观测器具有良好的收敛性,控制系统具有较高的鲁棒性.     

Autonomous navigation of Mars probe using X-ray pulsars: Modeling and results

Autonomous navigation of Mars probe is a main challenge due to the lack of dense ground tracking network measurements. In this paper, autonomous navigation of the Mars probe Orbits is investigated using the X-ray pulsars. A group of X-ray pulsars with high ranging accuracy are selected based on their properties and an adaptive extended Kalman filter is developed to incorporate the Mars probe dynamics and pulsar-based ranging measurements. Results of numerical experiment show that the three-dimensional positioning accuracy can achieve 750m in X-axis, 220m in Y-axis and 230m in Z-axis, which is much better than the positioning results by current Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) or Doppler observations with the accuracy of 150 km or several kilometers, respectively.     

基于知识推理的航天器自主故障诊断方法

面向深空探测这类型号任务,提出一种基于知识推理的航天器自主故障诊断的智能方法,采取直接线性存储的知识库结构、主动监测事实更新并触发推理以及基于散列算法的事实管理三项关键技术,适用于航天器硬件处理能力和存储容量受限的应用环境.采用C语言在基于TSC695处理器的嵌入式系统上实现了该故障诊断方法,实验的结果表明该方法有效.     

航天器嵌入式操作系统研究与设计

随着航天器结构和功能的复杂化,对作为系统资源管理者的操作系统的功能和可靠性等要求也日益增强.分析嵌入式实时操作系统在国内外航天领域的研究与应用现状,提出面向航天器应用特点的具有多任务管理、内存管理、文件系统、容错和故障管理等功能的高可靠、高性能的嵌入式实时操作系统的研究与设计方案,并展望其在未来网络化及分布式安全航天器中的发展前景.     

负压式平板型环路热管试验

为解决高热流密度电子器件的散热问题,设计了一套负压式铜 甲醇环路热管,其蒸发器设计成平板型。研究表明,该平板型环路热管具有较高的散热能力,能够在无重力姿态和重力姿态下顺利启动。当重力倾角分别为0°、18°和30°,热负荷为160W时,蒸发器壁面温度分别达到85.8℃、66.3℃和64.6℃。按照环路热管启动状态,其启动过程可分为3个阶段：加热阶段、预启动阶段和后启动阶段。在低热负荷区域,环路热管会出现温度波动现象。增大重力倾角,有利于降低蒸发器壁面温度和热阻。当重力倾角为30°,热负荷从10W递增到160W时,环路热管的热阻从4.97℃/W降低到0.39℃/W。     

多传感器多目标系统误差融合估计算法

为解决多传感器组网系统的系统误差估计问题,基于多传感器多目标上报信息,研究并提出了一种多传感器多目标系统误差融合估计算法.算法构建了两级融合结构,即第一级对多传感器组合状态估计信息进行反馈融合以改善局部组合状态估计精度,从而间接改善系统误差的估计精度,而第二级对多目标系统误差估计信息进行融合以进一步提高系统误差的估计精度.蒙特卡洛仿真显示算法能有效融合利用多传感器多目标信息,实现多传感器系统误差的实时精确估计.     

联翼布局俯仰力矩非线性变化特性的数值模拟

联翼布局飞机具有优良的升阻特性,是下一代亚声速飞机优先选择的气动布局型式之一,但在某些情况下其俯仰力矩随迎角的增大会表现出较强的非线性变化特点.针对该问题,在Ma=0.75条件下,采用数值模拟方法对某亚声速联翼布局气动性能及其绕流流场进行研究,通过对各部件气动特性分析,结合不同前翼绕流流动状态下前/后翼绕流场特点及截面气动力分布特点,揭示了前翼对后翼绕流流场干扰是引起其俯仰力矩非线性变化的主要原因.计算结果表明:在一定迎角下,该联翼布局飞机前翼绕流发生分离,从而影响后翼绕流流场,引起后翼气动效率下降,导致全机俯仰力矩随飞机迎角发生非线性上扬,对该机飞行性能的提高带来严重影响.     

Estimation of GPS instrumental biases from small scale network

With 4 GPS receivers located in the equatorial anomaly region in southeast China, this paper proposes a grid-based algorithm to determine the GPS satellites and receivers biases, and at the same time to derive the total electron content (TEC) with time resolution of 15 min and spatial resolution of 1° by 3.5° in latitude and longitude. By assuming that the TEC is identical at any point within a given grid block and the biases do not vary within a day, the algorithm arranges unknown biases and TECs with slant path TEC from the 4 receivers’ observations into a set of equations. Then the instrumental biases and the TECs are determined by using the least squares fitting technique. The performance of the method is examined by applying it to the GPS receiver chain observations selected from 16 geomagnetically quiet days in four seasons of 2006. It is found that the fitting agrees with the data very well, with goodness of fit ranging from 0.452 TECU to 1.914 TECU. Having a mean of 0.9 ns, the standard deviations for most of the GPS satellite biases are less than 1.0 ns for the 16 days. The GPS receiver biases are more stable than that of the GPS satellites. The standard deviation in the 4 receiver bias is from 0.370 ns to 0.855 ns, with a mean of 0.5 ns. Moreover, the instrumental biases are highly correlated with those derived from CODE and JPL with independent methods. The typical precision of the derived TEC is 5 TECU by a conservative estimation. These results indicate that the proposed algorithm is valid and qualified for small scale GPS network.     

基于分段化结构重建的2D/3D视频转换方法

为了缓解3D片源的不足,设计了一种分段化结构重建方法为视频2D/3D转换提供深度线索.采用分层提取的方式,将视频基于内容分解为子序列,在每个子序列中建立优化准则选择出处于非退化状态的关键帧,并以此为基础提出了分段化结构重建框架,利用改进的耦合自标定算法重构出每个子序列对应的离散3D结构信息,从而获取视频的深度线索.实验结果表明,该方法通过分段化后的局部优化,不仅使结构化重建能够有效处理多场景下的连续镜头,还加快了转换的效率,能够稳定、高效地获取深度信息,适用于视频2D/3D转换.