疲劳学的研究进展

随机疲劳、混沌疲劳及复合材料疲劳寿命估算属疲劳学研究的三个重要前沿。给出了疲劳损伤的动态概率分布；对混沌疲劳进行了初步探索；且给出了用于复合材料疲劳寿命估算的损伤演化方程。     

舰面状态直升机机体在起落架上的固有频率分析

针对起落架缓冲支柱和轮胎的非线性特性,应用等效线性模型,提出一种预估刚性机体在弹性起落架上的固有频率计算方法。利用缓冲支柱和轮胎的刚度和阻尼试验数据,采用循环迭代方法计算了机体耦合振动的固有频率;分析了直升机重量、旋翼拉力、舰面运动状态、舰面风力等因素对机体模态固有频率的影响。对最不稳定的机体侧向二阶模态而言,最大设计重量和大升力状态时其固有频率最低,与最小重量、零升力状态相比其稳定转速余度减少约133 r/min;文中假设的舰面运动状态和舰面风力对机体模态的固有频率影响很小,而采用纵、横侧向独立的简化模型来预估机体模态固有频率具有足够的精度。     

适应飞机需求的进气预冷技术路线分析

为了综合评价高超飞机用高Ma的涡轮发动机及其组合动力的预冷技术方案,从工程应用角度以飞机动力需求为牵引,开展了射流预冷、超临界氦强预冷和燃油强预冷技术方案的对比分析。针对3种预冷技术方案的原理、技术优势、存在的问题,以及适应飞机需求的标志性技术指标开展分析和评估,从跨速域时性能、技术难度及风险、付出的成本代价和周期,以及发展前景等方面开展了综合分析。结果表明：从满足产品需求的角度出发,与超临界氦强预冷和燃油强预冷技术方案相比,射流预冷技术装置结构简单、可靠性高、总压损失小、可与进气道高度集成、供水量适度,以及涡轮发动机本身提供的功率足以驱动射流预冷系统无需额外能源,是目前涡轮发动机扩包线的较优方案。     

Sensor calibration impacts on dust detection based on MODIS and VIIRS thermal emissive bands

Dust detection using remotely sensed measurements has been one of the challenging problems encountered by atmospheric scientists. MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra (T) and Aqua (A) platforms have been a versatile sensor for well over 21 and 18 years respectively, and have been extremely useful in the retrieval of aerosol information over the entire globe. The MODIS radiances from the Level 1B in general are expected to be within 5% accuracy in the reflective wavelengths and within 1% in the thermal emissive wavelengths. In this paper, we evaluate the sensitivity of previously developed dust detection technique based on thermal emissive wavelengths, which correspond to MODIS bands 20, 29, 31, and 32 respectively. The Thermal Emissive Dust Index (TEDI) performed very comparably to the traditional Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) retrievals by MODIS reflective channels. Since the MODIS Thermal Emissive Bands (TEB) are well calibrated on-orbit using a BlackBody (BB) source, the calibration of these long wave infrared bands is quite robust. As A-MODIS continues to perform well beyond its designed lifetime of 6 years, the instrument has undergone various levels of degradation during its mission time. As a consequence, it is imperative to check the impacts of calibration on the higher-level retrievals. In this paper, we rigorously analyze the sensitivity of TEDI due to the impact of calibration by the afore-mentioned TEB. The perturbation of the dominant (linear) calibration term demonstrated the following: first, there was a correlation in the sensitivity of the TEDI due to the uncertainty in the linear calibration term. Based on a perturbation in the linear calibration term for all aforementioned bands over a range of ±5% yielded the TEDI sensitivity to vary from approximately ?3.2% to about ?3.6%. When considering the uncertainty in each individual band significant changes were observed. The least change was observed for the perturbation in the calibration of band 20 with the TEDI sensitivity and the largest sensitivity in TEDI was observed in the perturbation of band 31 calibration. Thus, in the case of TEDI, noticeable sensitivity due to calibration uncertainty was observed in bands 29, 31, and 32, reiterating the importance of the TEB calibration in these bands. Also, the dust detection scheme based on A-MODIS was successfully transferred to the follow-on sensors such as Suomi (SNPP) and NOAA 20 (N20) VIIRS. The results presented in this paper would be extremely helpful in understanding impacts of calibration on the higher-level products for both current and future missions based on the MODIS heritage. Finally, the work also identifies the importance of radiometric fidelity in maintaining the accuracy of the dust detection. Results presented will show drastic improvement of the Saharan dust detection after the reduction of the electronic crosstalk in the 8.5 µm channel of T-MODIS.     

中轨道Walker导航星座在轨备份方案优化设计

针对中轨道Walker导航星座在轨备份方案的优化问题,首先提出了在轨备份星轨位优化设计方法,考虑星座运行期间在轨备份星与工作卫星存在共同提供服务的情况,选取PDOP值和可见卫星数作为轨位优化指标,建立了轨位优化模型,并基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法对不同轨位下在轨备份星对导航星座服务性能的提升效果进行仿真分析;然后,基于在轨备份星轨位的优化结果,建立在轨备份星替换的轨道机动模型,并综合考虑速度增量和替换时间,确定了以替换时间最少为优化目标的在轨备份星替换方案。结果表明,提出的在轨备份方案能有效满足备份星的设计需求,增强导航星座的服务性能,实现故障卫星的快速替换,可为导航星座备份星的建设提供借鉴。     

基于路径跟随的改进领航-跟随无人机协同编队方法

针对集群无人机完成高精度协同编队的需要,提出了一种基于路径跟随的改进领航-跟随无人机协同编队方法。首先,在传统A*算法的基础上,引入了障碍威胁系数改进A*算法,为领航无人机规划从起点到目标的全局安全路径;其次,采用Hermite多项式在离散化后对领航无人机的全局安全路径进行参数化表示。当遇到新的障碍信息时,利用改进A*算法重新规划路径;随后,领航无人机将跟随无人机的空间编队信息与编队路径参数信息在集群中完成同步;最后,基于一致性原理设计了编队队形协同控制器,并基于改进人工势场法设计了动态避障控制器。仿真结果表明,与传统的领航-跟随方法相比,该方法可以降低编队误差,提高了复杂曲线路径下无人机的编队精度与稳定性,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

某镍基单晶高温合金塑性变形与失效分析

为有效预测某镍基单晶高温合金在复杂应力状态下的塑性变形响应,采用光滑平板拉伸试验获取[001]向拉伸性能,根据缺口平板试件试验数据反衍优化获得其他取向的性能参数,基于广义Hill准则,构建了针对该材料的各向异性弹塑性本构模型,并使用该模型开展镍基单晶高温合金在复杂应力状态下的塑性变形行为的大变形有限元预测,结合Freudenthal失效准则对名义极限强度进行预测,与试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明:反衍优化建立的各向异性本构模型能够较为准确地描述该镍基单晶高温合金在复杂应力状态下的拉伸响应行为,且能较为准确地预测出几种试件的名义极限强度,误差小于6%。对工程中单晶涡轮叶片塑性失效分析有一定指导意义。     

无人水面艇自主导航技术

作为无人水面艇的关键技术之一,自主导航技术决定着无人水面艇自主航行能力的高低。结合无人水面艇在实际航行和作业过程中自主导航所面临的问题,对无人水面艇组合导航及完好性监测技术、协同导航技术、路径规划技术和环境感知技术目前的现状、不足和发展趋势进行了总结和分析。为了更加精确、可靠地进行安全导航定位,即插即用全源导航是无人水面艇可采用的一种导航方式,并在此基础上开展了组合导航完好性监测工作。多目标规划综合最优及基于分层策略的自适应路径规划方法是解决动态时变环境下路径规划问题的有效途径。深度学习、数据挖掘、信息融合等人工智能技术将在提高环境感知信息的本质特征表述、充分挖掘多元异构数据间的有效信息,以及构建信息全面、立体、可靠的三维环境模型方面发挥主导性作用。     

空间构架式可展天线研究进展与展望

概括了构架式可展天线的发展状况,综述了构架式天线在网格划分、结构设计、构型综合、形面精度与可靠性、刚柔多体动力学及展开可控等若干基本问题,详述了构架式可展天线在机械、力学、控制等科技领域的具体研究进展。并总结了构架式可展天线在航天领域需进一步考虑的科学问题及未来的发展方向。     

改进暗通道遥感影像去雾方法及效果分析

遥感影像的预处理工作是遥感数据应用的基础。去除云雾是影像预处理工作的重要组成部分。针对遥感影像雾霾浓度分布不均匀的问题,提出一种改进的暗通道遥感影像去雾方法。以"高分一号"(GF-1)卫星为例,根据影像灰度图中的灰度值对影像雾霾浓度区域进行划分,对每个区域中暗原色值的获取方式进行改进,使用导向滤波优化大气传输率,以归一化植被指数(NDVI)为基础,设计用于评价影像去雾质量的定量指标。结果表明:所提出的方法能明显去除雾霾干扰,有效改善卫星影像数据的视觉效果,增强影像细节。该方法去雾处理后的遥感数据能应用于定量遥感,提高遥感影像的可用性及有效性。