对空间碎片近距随遇悬停的控制方法及悬停燃耗分析

对空间碎片检视或抓捕操控中的悬停控制及燃耗问题进行了研究。通过C W方程，建立任务星近距随遇定点悬停控制模型，通过设计状态反馈控制器分析定点悬停的可控性以及推控要求，结果表明近距悬停需要与悬停位置相关的两个正交方向上的常值连续推力控制量，以及用于抵抗扰动的三轴向上的反馈变推力控制量。分析了近距随遇悬停的推控分系统配置，建立了长时近距随遇悬停的燃耗及燃耗速率的数学模型，最后分析了既满足安全距离需求、又满足悬停方位需求的最小悬停燃耗模型。     

Ionospheric F2-Layer critical frequency retrieved from COSMIC radio occultation: A statistical comparison with measurements from a meridional ionosonde chain over Southeast Asia

In this paper, we compared the F2-Layer critical frequency (foF2) derived from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation (RO) and ionosondes at Chiang Mai, Chumphon and Kototabang during the years 2008–2015 to evaluate the performance of COSMIC RO over Southeast Asia region. The results show that the time development of foF2 values derived from COSMIC RO generally agrees well with those from ionosonde measurements. However, the differences between the foF2 derived from COSMIC RO and that derived from ionosonde observations display latitudinal dependence. COSMIC RO tends to underestimate foF2 at Chiang Mai and Kototabang, which is near to the north EIA crest and the south one, respectively, while a little overestimate foF2 at Chumphon, which is close to the geomagnetic equator. COSMIC RO agrees best with ionosonde at Chumphon and worst at Chiang Mai. At each ionosonde station, the quality of COSMIC RO data degrades with the increase of solar activity. In addition, at the station Chiang Mai and Kototabang, COSMIC RO performs better in summer than in equinox and winter. Furthermore, the differences in foF2 derived from COSMIC RO and that from ionosonde measurements vary with local time, i.e., the differences in foF2 are generally smaller at night and larger in noontime when equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) is well developed.     

任务型教学法的任务设计

任务型教学法是新兴的一种强调“在做中学”(learning by doing)的语言教学方法，是我国外语课程教学改革的一个走向，吸收了以往多种教学法的优点而形成。任务是任务型教学法中一个重要概念。要使任务型教学法更好地发挥作用，任务的设计就显得尤为重要。在任务设计中，要注意任务与人本主义、任务与文化性、任务与教师角色之...     

A regional tropospheric model for airborne GPS applications

A regional tropospheric model can be constructed using surveys from GPS ground networks. Using this model the tropospheric delays of a kinematic station within the region can be interpolated. However, such a model is generally not suitable for an airborne platform high above the ground networks. In this paper, a method of constructing a regional tropospheric model for airborne GPS applications is described. First, the kinematic station in the air is projected onto the ground. Then the tropospheric delays at projected point are interpolated from those of the ground networks. Finally, the tropospheric delays at projected point are extended upward to the airborne platform using pressure and temperature gradients and humidity exponential function. For validation of this method, the data of airborne campaign carried out by BKG in cooperation with GFZ and BGR 2008 in the northern Alps are used. The results show that GPS kinematic positioning precision in height component can be improved using this method.     

翅片位置对复合式减涡器减阻性能影响数值模拟

为了探索翅片-管复合式减涡器的翅片安装位置对共转盘腔径向内流压力损失的影响规律,对不同转速、翅片周向位置及安装角度下的去旋系统开展了数值研究,得到了不同工况下共转盘腔径向内流的流场结构及压力损失分布曲线。研究结果表明:减涡管能引导流体径向流入,并降低流体的旋流比;相比于管式减涡器,翅片-管复合式减涡器能明显降低盘腔内的总压损失;在不同旋转雷诺数下,翅片的周向安装位置α及安装角β均存在最佳值;在中、高旋转雷诺数下,最佳值分别为α=9°,β=30°,最佳结构下总压损失较基础模型低40%左右;改变翅片周向位置及安装角度可以明显改变气流进入减涡管的角度,在较优情况下,可以减小流体流入减涡管的阻力及在减涡管内的流动阻力,整体上减小了盘腔内总压损失。     

考虑轴向变形的锥形轮盘低循环疲劳试验研究

某型发动机高压压气机Ⅰ级盘采用锥形结构,在装配预紧力和离心载荷的作用下产生轴向变形。为了考核该轮盘的低 循环疲劳寿命,在传统轮盘低循环疲劳试验技术的基础上,提出了1 种考虑轴向变形条件的锥形轮盘低循环疲劳寿命试验方法。 针对轮盘结构与装配要求,计算分析工作状态下的轴向变形,优化设计了能够有效考核轮盘关键部位寿命的试验件、陪试件及试验 工装,对比试验件在整机与试验器状态的应力水平,并在卧式旋转试验器上完成了试验件的低循环疲劳试验。试验结果表明：采用 该方法可对高压Ⅰ级盘安全循环寿命进行有效考核。     

基于瞬态液晶测量技术的收缩-扩张形孔

采用一种进行全表面测量的瞬态液晶测量技术测量了新型气膜孔(收缩-扩张形孔)的气膜冷却特性,研究了动量比对冷却效率和换热系数的影响,并与传统的圆柱形孔气膜冷却特性进行了对比,结果表明:收缩-扩张形孔中心线附近区域的冷却效率相对较低,而两孔之间区域的冷却效率相对较高,与圆形孔分布规律相反;在上游区域,两孔中间区域的换热系数比相对孔中心线附近区域较高,而在下游区域,两孔中间区域的换热系数比相对孔中心线附近又较低,与圆形孔相比也有较大不同。相对于圆柱形孔,收缩缝形孔的平均换热系数比在上游较高,在下游较低;收缩-扩张形孔喷出气膜对下游壁面区域的有效覆盖率远大于圆柱形孔,其展向平均冷却效率明显高于圆柱形孔;收缩-扩张形孔在动量比为2时的平均冷却效率最高。