Remote assistance experiment during the manned space flight Altair

This remote assistance trial, performed within the framework of the manned space flight Altaïr, was carried out by CADMOS (CNES), with the cooperation of the Sub-directorate of CNES Operational Systems, Medes, LBM of Tours and Christol Consultants. It consisted of supplying the cosmonaut performing the Orthostatism experiment (echograph acquisition) on board the Mir station with realtime assistance by an expert (LBM of Tours) working from the ground on the CADMOS premises. The various steps of the approach followed during the preparation phase are described, as well as the technical means of communication used between the Mir station and CADMOS.     

Electrostatic Noise Spectrum at the Electron Cyclotron Frequency and Electromagnetic Emission in the Inhomogeneous Plasma of the Topside Ionosphere

Measurements of the wave emission of the topside ionosphere made onboard the APEX satellite using the electric component of the wave field in the 0.1–10 MHz frequency band are presented. At middle latitudes a wave intensity decrease was observed in the broad-band spectrum of the electrostatic noise at the electron cyclotron frequency. It is shown that a break in the spectrum of electrostatic modes at the electron cyclotron frequency (the absence of the plasma eigen-frequencies) may be a cause of the observed effect. The increase of the intensity at the electron cyclotron frequency in the ionospheric trough and at latitudes above the trough region as compared to middle latitudes may be explained by the capture by plasma irregularities of the electromagnetic emission of the auroral electron fluxes.__________Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 43, No. 3, 2005, pp. 201–208.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Izhovkina, Prutensky, Pulinets, Kiraga, Klos, Rothkael.     

Flow of a water jet into vacuum

At certain intervals excess water has to be dumped into space overboard of the Spacelab cabin. For the development of a useful nozzle the behaviour of a water jet flowing into vacuum was investigated experimentally and theoretical interpretations of the flow phenomena which were found are given. The influence of parameters like the shape of the nozzle, the temperature and the gas content of water were studied. At certain test conditions, the jet leaves the nozzle exit in bundled form and ends abruptly bursting into droplets and ice-particles. The “bursting”-mechanism is explained by a sudden boiling of the water in the jet causing the growth of vapor bubbles decomposing the jet. The formation of vapor bubbles is initiated by a superheating of the water of the jet caused by a sudden pressure drop and a cooling at the surface of the jet. The expansion of vapor bubbles in the jet is retarded by surface tension forces which results in a relaxation time for the bursting of the jet. The vapor flow in radial directions of the jet is approximately described by a plane radial source flow. The measurement of the pitot-pressure radially to the jet proves that the vapor flow is supersonic.     

HTPB／HMX推进剂能量特性与工作压强关系的研究

采用标准试验发动机实测结果及理论计算，研究了ＨＴＰＢ／ＨＭＸ推进剂比冲与发动机工作压强之间的关系．研究结果表明，在发动机相同的工作条件下，工作压强由５ＭＰａ提高到１０ＭＰａ可使推进齐比冲净增１０２Ｎ．ｓ／ｋｇ，发动机工作压强最好选取大于６ＭＰａ。这一结果为发动机设计提供了参考依据。     

低频靶标法测量CCD相机调制传递函数的仿真

基于用高频靶标法测试调制传递函数(MTF)时不能准确地体现出CCD器件的平均采样的情况。该文探讨用低频靶标法测试MTF,介绍它的原理;通过数字仿真CCD的光学镜头的模糊和采样平均过程,分析不同频率靶标的MTF测试结果,并分析相位造成的影响。     

丁羟弹性体的交联密度

简要介绍了丁羟弹性体交联密度的表征参数、实验方法及其在丁羟推进剂研究中的实际应用。     

变形铝合金中微量合金元素研究

分析了微量合金元素在变形铝合金中的作用，论述了微量合金元素与杂质的关系。指出微量合金元素与杂质是不能混淆的两个概念。前者的作用不仅与其种类和含量有关，还与加工方法有关。     

基于HLA的网络对抗系统建模与仿真

介绍了HLA的基本思想,分析了网络对抗仿真系统,给出了网络对抗系统的层次模型以及基于HLA-RTI的实现方法。     

空间遥控作业系统的自适应无源控制

遥控作业系统是实现空间危险环境中作业的有力手段。由于空间工作站和地面控制站之间的通讯时延，造成了遥控作业系统的不稳定和操作性能的降低。本文利用二端口网络理论，提出了可定量评价系统操作性能的指标函数，并导出操作性能最优（临场感状态）的无源控制算法，同时针对环境的不确定性，给出参数自调节的自适应无源控制器的结构。实验验证了本文提出的无源控制算法的有效性     

The ethics of treading on Neil Armstrong''s footprints

The Moon landings of the Apollo programme irrevocably changed the way we see ourselves. Most significantly, this was the first time that humans had set foot on a celestial body other than Earth. The program has left a number of sites on the Moon as well as on Earth. While the management of the sites and artefacts on Earth is fairly straightforward as they are subject to national heritage legislation, it is not so simple with the sites and artefacts on the lunar surface. Moreover, the sites on the Moon differ in one unique aspect from all other heritage sites on Earth: the absence of a lunar atmosphere of any note means that all foot- and track prints of the astronauts are preserved providing a total record of the pioneering phases of human exploration of the Moon. The nascent developments of space tourism, including proposals for lunar heritage tourism, however, threaten the preservation of these traces on the Moon. This paper discusses the terrestrial and in particular the extraterrestrial heritage of the Apollo programme. Set out are the management ethics that need to apply on the lunar surface if this unique heritage is to have a future.