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731.
Von Ancken A.C. Williams R.D. Salinas M.H. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2001,37(1):280-285
A parallel two-stage acquisition technique is described for direct sequence spread spectrum (DS/SS) range finding applications. The technique offers hardware complexity that scales better with code length than matched filter correlators while providing better performance than sequential detection using comparable hardware 相似文献
732.
A spatio-temporal method for identifying objects contained in an image sequence is presented. The Hidden Markov Model (HMM) technique is used as the classification algorithm, making classification decisions based on a spatio-temporal sequence of observed object features. A five class problem is considered. Classification accuracies of 100% and 99.7%, are obtained for sequences of images generated over two separate regions of viewing positions. HMMs trained on image sequences of the objects moving in opposite directions showed a 98.1% successful classification rate by class and direction of movement. The HMM technique proved robust to image corruption with additive correlated noise and had a higher accuracy than a single-look nearest neighbor method. A real image sequence of one of the objects used was successfully recognized with the HMMs trained on synthetic data. This study shows the temporal changes that observed feature vectors undergo due to object motion hold information that can yield superior classification accuracy when compared with single-frame techniques 相似文献
733.
Rosette Constellations of Earth Satellites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Satellite constellations having rosette (flowerlike) orbital patterns are described which exhibit better worldwide coverage properties than constellations previously reported in U.S. literature. The best rosettes with 5-15 satellites are identified and evaluated relative to prior results. In most cases, the best results are obtained by placing one satellite in each of N separate planes and by using inclined rather than polar orbits. Coverage properties of these constellations are analyzed in terms of the largest possible great circle range between an observer anywhere on the Earth's surface and the nearest subsatellite point. When evaluated in this manner, coverage properties are invariant with deployment altitude. As deployment altitude is reduced, however, higher order constellations must be used to maintain a fixed minimum viewing angle. Coverage properties are also invariant with deployment orientation relative to Earth coordinates, although specific orientations can cause the satellite patterns to appear quasi-stationary. Thus these constellations offer a promising alternative to the use of geostationary satellites. Rosette constellations can also be used to guarantee multiple satellite visibility on a continuous worldwide basis. It is shown that 5, 7, 9, and 11 satellites are the minimum numbers required for single, double, triple, and quadruple visibility, respectively. Examples of rosette constellations which achieve these bounds are given. 相似文献
734.
A. Grimberg D. S. Burnett P. Bochsler H. Baur R. Wieler 《Space Science Reviews》2007,130(1-4):293-300
We discuss data of light noble gases from the solar wind implanted into a metallic glass target flown on the Genesis mission.
Helium and neon isotopic compositions of the bulk solar wind trapped in this target during 887 days of exposure to the solar
wind do not deviate significantly from the values in foils of the Apollo Solar Wind Composition experiments, which have been
exposed for hours to days. In general, the depth profile of the Ne isotopic composition is similar to those often found in
lunar soils, and essentially very well reproduced by ion-implantation modelling, adopting the measured velocity distribution
of solar particles during the Genesis exposure and assuming a uniform isotopic composition of solar wind neon. The results
confirm that contributions from high-energy particles to the solar wind fluence are negligible, which is consistent with in-situ
observations. This makes the enigmatic “SEP-Ne” component, apparently present in lunar grains at relatively large depth, obsolete.
20Ne/ 22Ne ratios in gas trapped very near the metallic glass surface are up to 10% higher than predicted by ion implantation simulations.
We attribute this superficially trapped gas to very low-speed, current-sheet-related solar wind, which has been fractionated
in the corona due to inefficient Coulomb drag. 相似文献
735.
THE CLUSTER ION SPECTROMETRY (CIS) EXPERIMENT 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
H. RÈME J. M. Bosqued J. A. Sauvaud A. Cros J. Dandouras C. Aoustin J. Bouyssou Th. Camus J. Cuvilo C. Martz J. L. MÉDALE H. Perrier D. Romefort J. Rouzaud C. D'Uston E. MÖBIUS K. Crocker M. Granoff L. M. Kistler M. Popecki D. Hovestadt B. Klecker G. Paschmann M. Scholer C. W. Carlson D. W. Curtis R. P. Lin J. P. Mcfadden V. Formisano E. Amata M. B. Bavassano-CATTANEO P. Baldetti G. Belluci R. Bruno G. Chionchio A. Di Lellis E. G. Shelley A. G. Ghielmetti W. Lennartsson A. Korth H. Rosenbauer R. Lundin S. Olsen G. K. Parks M. Mccarthy H. Balsiger 《Space Science Reviews》1997,79(1-2):303-350
The Cluster Ion Spectrometry (CIS) experiment is a comprehensive ionic plasma spectrometry package on-board the four Cluster spacecraft capable of obtaining full three-dimensional ion distributions with good time resolution (one spacecraft spin) with mass per charge composition determination. The requirements to cover the scientific objectives cannot be met with a single instrument. The CIS package therefore consists of two different instruments, a Hot Ion Analyser (HIA) and a time-of-flight ion COmposition and DIstribution Function analyser (CODIF), plus a sophisticated dual-processor-based instrument-control and Data-Processing System (DPS), which permits extensive on-board data-processing. Both analysers use symmetric optics resulting in continuous, uniform, and well-characterised phase space coverage. CODIF measures the distributions of the major ions (H+, He+, He++, and O+) with energies from ~0 to 40 keV/e with medium (22.5°) angular resolution and two different sensitivities. HIA does not offer mass resolution but, also having two different sensitivities, increases the dynamic range, and has an angular resolution capability (5.6° × 5.6°) adequate for ion-beam and solar-wind measurements. 相似文献
736.
Lee J.R. Cho B.H. Kim S.J. Lee F.C. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1988,24(3):295-304
Modeling of a complete spacecraft power processing system is presented, using the Boeing EASYS software. Component models are developed, and several system models including a solar array switching system, a partially shunted solar system, and cosmic background explorer (COBE) system are simulated. The modes of operation of the power system, such as shunt mode, battery-charge mode, and battery-discharge mode, are simulated for a complete orbit cycle 相似文献
737.
AN/APS-116 Periscope-Detecting Radar 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
738.
Tanaka H. Shinozuka T. Nakamura K. Koike K. Kuroiwa H. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1980,(5):567-580
The weather radar system used in conjunction with Earth-satellite propagation experiments for quantifying rainfall rate in a unit volume, determined by the beamwidth and the pulselength, is described. Firstly, methods for deriving rainfall rate per unit volume are stated in detail with special emphasis on calibration to determine unknown parameters associated with propagation losses in waveguides and the atmosphere. The calibration method is somewhat different from a conventional one but is useful for routine observation. Secondly, in addition to a simple explanation of the hardware of this radar system, the data modes, developed for measuring rainfall rate along the propagation path and radar reflectivity factor in the horizontal and vertical cross sections around the station are described. These data modes are effectively combined by the operational scanning modes for routine observation of propagation experiments, while each data mode can also be operated independently. Examples obtained by each data mode are also given. 相似文献
739.
H. Balsiger K. Altwegg P. Bochsler P. Eberhardt J. Fischer S. Graf A. Jäckel E. Kopp U. Langer M. Mildner J. Müller T. Riesen M. Rubin S. Scherer P. Wurz S. Wüthrich E. Arijs S. Delanoye J. De Keyser E. Neefs D. Nevejans H. Rème C. Aoustin C. Mazelle J.-L. Médale J. A. Sauvaud J.-J. Berthelier J.-L. Bertaux L. Duvet J.-M. Illiano S. A. Fuselier A. G. Ghielmetti T. Magoncelli E. G. Shelley A. Korth K. Heerlein H. Lauche S. Livi A. Loose U. Mall B. Wilken F. Gliem B. Fiethe T. I. Gombosi B. Block G. R. Carignan L. A. Fisk J. H. Waite D. T. Young H. Wollnik 《Space Science Reviews》2007,128(1-4):745-801
The Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) will answer important questions posed by the mission’s
main objectives. After Giotto, this will be the first time the volatile part of a comet will be analyzed in situ. This is
a very important investigation, as comets, in contrast to meteorites, have maintained most of the volatiles of the solar nebula.
To accomplish the very demanding objectives through all the different phases of the comet’s activity, ROSINA has unprecedented
capabilities including very wide mass range (1 to >300 amu), very high mass resolution (m/Δ m > 3000, i.e. the ability to resolve CO from N2 and 13C from 12CH), very wide dynamic range and high sensitivity, as well as the ability to determine cometary gas velocities, and temperature.
ROSINA consists of two mass spectrometers for neutrals and primary ions with complementary capabilities and a pressure sensor.
To ensure that absolute gas densities can be determined, each mass spectrometer carries a reservoir of a calibrated gas mixture
allowing in-flight calibration. Furthermore, identical flight-spares of all three sensors will serve for detailed analysis
of all relevant parameters, in particular the sensitivities for complex organic molecules and their fragmentation patterns
in our electron bombardment ion sources. 相似文献
740.
Kimura S. Takeuchi M. Harima K. Fukase Y. Sato H. Yoshida T. Miyasaka A. Noda H. Sunakawa K. Homma M. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2004,40(1):247-258
To establish a large deployable antenna, monitoring and collimation are essential for reliable and precise deployment. We have developed an analysis method to detect shifts in several images, in which the combination of cross-correlations between images and approximations at subpixel precision enables us to detect shifts in images with a precision of up to 0.01 pixels. The LDREX mission; which was a preliminary experiment for a large deployable antenna, ETS-VIII, was performed in December 2000. During this experiment, anomalies occurred in the antenna, and deployment was aborted. To understand the cause of the anomalies, we used our visual analysis method. Using this analysis, we detected vibrating features in the antenna, which were useful for explaining the anomalies. We outline our visual analysis method and discuss its application in monitoring the deployable antenna. 相似文献