带充液腔的自旋卫星稳定性问题

本文应用Pfeiffer的思想讨论带轴对称充液腔的卫星系统自旋稳定性。本方法的基本思想为将轴对称腔内的液体旋度平均化,使之与空间位置无关,由此将液体的无限自由度问题离散化为有限自由度问题,从而用线性理论讨论系统的自旋稳定性。用这方法,本文讨论了带充液腔的非轴对称卫星系统、带充液腔的双自旋卫星系统的自旋稳定性,给出了它们的自旋稳定性判据。此外,本文还给出了一些带有不同形状腔体的卫星系统自旋稳定域图,为实际工程设计人员提供理论参考。     

In-situ resource utilization technologies for Mars life support systems.

The atmosphere of Mars has many of the ingredients that can be used to support human exploration missions. It can be "mined" and processed to produce oxygen, buffer gas, and water, resulting in significant savings on mission costs. The use of local materials, called ISRU (for in-situ resource utilization), is clearly an essential strategy for a long-term human presence on Mars from the standpoints of self-sufficiency, safety, and cost. Currently a substantial effort is underway by NASA to develop technologies and designs of chemical plants to make propellants from the Martian atmosphere. Consumables for life support, such as oxygen and water, will probably benefit greatly from this ISRU technology development for propellant production. However, the buffer gas needed to dilute oxygen for breathing is not a product of a propellant production plant. The buffer gas needs on each human Mars mission will probably be in the order of metric tons, primarily due to losses during airlock activity. Buffer gas can be separated, compressed, and purified from the Mars atmosphere. This paper discusses the buffer gas needs for a human mission to Mars and consider architectures for the generation of buffer gas including an option that integrates it to the propellant production plant.     

Exobiological exploration of Mars.

Of all the other planets in the solar system, Mars remains the most promising for further elucidating concepts about chemical evolution and the origin of life. Strategies were developed to pursue three exobiological objectives for Mars exploration: determining the abundance and distribution of the biogenic elements and organic compounds, detecting evidence of an ancient biota on Mars, and determining whether indigenous organisms exist anywhere on the planet. The three strategies are quite similar and, in fact, share the same sequence of phases. In the first phase, each requires global reconnaissance and remote sensing by orbiters to select sites of interest for detailed in situ analyses. In the second phase, lander missions are conducted to characterize the chemical and physical properties of the selected sites. The third phase involves conducting "critical" experiments at sites whose properties make them particularly attractive for exobiology. These critical experiments would include, for example, identification of organics, detection of fossils, and detection of extant life. The fourth phase is the detailed analysis of samples returned from these sites in Earth-based laboratories to confirm and extend previous discoveries. Finally, in the fifth phase, human exploration is needed to establish the geological settings for the earlier findings or to discover and explore sites that are not accessible to robotic spacecraft.     

The atmospheric radiation response to solar-particle-events.

High-energy solar particles, produced in association with solar flares and coronal mass ejections, occasionally bombard the earth's atmosphere. resulting in radiation intensities additional to the background cosmic radiation. Access of these particles to the earth's vicinity during times of geomagnetic disturbances are not adequately described by using static geomagnetic field models. These solar fluxes are also often distributed non uniformly in space, so that fluxes measured by satellites obtained at great distances from the earth and which sample large volumes of space around the earth cannot be used to predict fluxes locally at the earth's surface. We present here a method which uses the ground-level neutron monitor counting rates as adjoint sources of the flux in the atmosphere immediately above them to obtain solar-particle effective dose rates as a function of position over the earth's surface. We have applied this approach to the large September 29-30, 1989 ground-level event (designated GLE 42) to obtain the magnitude and distribution of the solar-particle effective dose rate from an atypically large event. The results of these calculations clearly show the effect of the softer particle spectra associated with solar particle events, as compared with galactic cosmic rays, results in a greater sensitivity to the geomagnetic field, and, unlike cosmic rays, the near-absence of a "knee" near 60 degrees geomagnetic latitude.     

刚性方程的二阶Gear方法的注记

构造了一个求解刚性方程的二阶差分格式,它是隐式的,并采用简单迭代求解,对于稳定系统,迭代收敛性条件与步长无关,而对不稳定系统,迭代收敛性条件对步长却有所限制,利用这一限制性条件去克服解刚性方程的二阶Gear方法时出现的“危险性”。     

基于目标操作化的多引擎协作体系结构研究

基于目标操作化的域原子操作模型,研究分析了面向应用目标的系统设计与实现的基本问题,通过引入解释引擎,提出了面向目标的形式模型与应用软件设计实现的一体化机制;在系统级应用中间件之上,引入组件服务,提出了一个通过处理操作作业流实现目标的、多个操作服务引擎协作的体系结构,通过构造组件适配器,以满足操作服务引擎对异构组件服务的一致性访问.     

Surface tension-driven flows in horizontal liquid metal layers

The problem of surface tension-driven flows in horizontal liquid layers has been studied experimentally, and theoretically by direct numerical simulation and small perturbation analysis. We focus our attention on situations in which the depth of the fluid (liquid tin; small Prandtl number, Pr=0.015) is small enough to ensure the predominance of the surface tension forces over those due to the buoyancy. The surface velocity has been experimentally obtained for liquid tin layer with various aspect ratio (length to height) in the range 5<A<83. The thermal gradients are ranged from 5 to 40°K/cm. In the numerical study, the Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved by an efficient finite difference technique. The parameters governing the flow behaviour in the liquid are varied to determine their effects on thermocapillary convection: the Reynolds number 10<Re<210⁴ and the aspect ratio 2<A<25; with Pr kept constant at Pr=0.015. The linear eigenequation resulting from small spatial disturbances of the Couette flow solution is solved using an Tau-Chebyshev approximation. A notable feature of the theoretical study is the totally different end circulations. In the region near the cold wall a multicell structure is evident. This agrees with the eigensolution which is of complex type, indicating spatial periodicity. In the hot wall region the flow is accelerated to reach the velocity value for the fully-developed Couette flow which is reached under conditions such as Re/A<20. The transition from viscous to boundary layer regime occurs for a critical value (Re/A)_c of nearly about 200, as deduced from the numerical and experimental results.     

NUMERICAL MODELLING OF VELOCITY AND TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTIONS OF THE BUOYANCY CONVECTION EFFECT IN KNbO3 MELT

Numerical modelling of velocity and temperature fields in high-temperature KNbO3 melt of a loop-shaped Pt wire heater is carried out by using the commercial com putational code ANSYS for the mathematical solution of the governing equations.Based on the experimental boundary conditions and the Boussinesq approximation,the numerical modelling of a steady and two-dimensional model is applied to study the process under consideration of the buoyancy-driven convection condition. The result is compared with the previous experimental and theoretical data obtained in our laboratory, and the former is in agreement with the latter. Thus a theoretical guide for reasonable growth conditions is provided by studying in depth the real fluid flow effects in the crystal growth from the melt.     

线性板簧的迟滞特性对车辆平顺性影响

通过分析板簧迟滞特性对车辆在不同路面上行驶平顺性的影响,探讨合理选择板簧悬架减振器阻尼的方法.采用1/4车辆模型,在考虑和不考虑板簧迟滞特性2种情况下分析了车辆在不同路面上的簧载质量加速度均方根值.考虑到模型非线性,采用时域求解,并以随机生成的路面数据和一组实测路面数据作为模型输入.分析结果表明板簧迟滞特性对行驶平顺性的不利影响在良好路面上表现得更为明显,因此减振器阻尼系数应根据路面不平度等级加以选择.对于采用板簧悬架的车辆,减振器在压缩行程和复原行程的阻尼比范围应分别为0.1~0.2和0.2~0.3.     

粗差拟准检定法在星载GPS低轨卫星定轨中的应用

利用自适应卡尔曼滤波进行星载GPS低轨卫星定轨时,必须解决量测方程中经常存在的粗差问题．在分析以往方法的优缺点后,用拟准检定法来探测和修正量测方程中存在的粗差．该法的优点是辨识粗差准确率高,能同时定位多个粗差．另外,为了克服星载GPS低轨卫星定轨的滤波器可能出现的数值不稳定性及发散现象,还采用了UD分解算法及Sage自适应滤波器．最后用一个CHAMP卫星的模拟算例验证本方法的可行性和有效性．