利用相似产品信息的电子产品可靠性Bayes综合评估

 在电子产品试验的可靠性评估中,为提高估计精度,经常利用历史样本数据来确定先验分布。但在工程实际中,历史样本和样本实际上属于不同的总体,这对可靠性评估结果有显著的影响。为此,采用相似系统分析确定历史样本和样本的相似程度,将其归纳为继承因子;然后根据历史样本信息确定产品可靠性的历史后验,基于无信息先验得到产品可靠性的更新后验;最后通过继承因子,综合历史后验和更新后验,得到产品可靠性的融合后验,并在此基础上进行可靠性推断。该方法不仅充分利用了相似产品的信息,而且突出了产品的独有特性。     

液体火箭发动机动态特性数学模型的验证

用试车数据检验某泵压液体火箭发动机动态特性非线性数学模型的准确度,考虑了发动机参数实际测量的误差范围。计算结果表明：在整个过渡过程中,所有可以实际测量的发动机参数的计算值与实测值之间的偏差均在±７．１％以内。     

机载通讯设备自动测试系统硬件设计

介绍机载通讯设备自动测试系统的硬件设计,包括如何由需求分析确定硬件设计方案、硬件设计具体内容、硬件设计流程以及硬件设计中的难点与解决方案。自动测试系统已投入生产运行,满足机载设备大修时的测试、诊断需求,较大地提高了维修效率。     

激光测速技术（LDV）诞生50周年启示

回顾50年来激光测速技术（LDV）的发展过程,取得的主要成就,科学家和工程技术人员作出的重大贡献。LDV为流体力学的实验研究提供了有力的测试手段,开辟了对复杂流动精确、定量、动态测量研究的新篇章。     

太空是生命科学研究的实验室

在人进入太空之前,先是用火箭将动物发射到太空,来帮助人们了解在没有地球环境保护的情况下,生物体是否可以生存.1951年9月20日第一次有动物进入太空，前苏联发射的一枚探空火箭中有1只猴子和11只鼠。实际上这还不是一次真正意义的轨道飞行，只是一次直上直下的火箭飞行，动物是活着回来的。通过这样的实验，可以观察在一定高度上辐射和失重对动物的影响。     

逆系统方法在航天器姿态控制系统中的应用

微分几何方法是非线性控制的传统方法 ,但该方法比较抽象 ,且使用过程中计算繁琐。作为多变量非线性控制的新理论 ,逆系统方法通过研究和引入逆系统理论中的一些概念和结果 ,如α阶积分逆、伪线性系统等 ,来形成非线性系统的反馈线性化。它具有物理概念清晰、适用面宽、应用简便的优点。本文首先介绍了逆系统方法的基本思想 ,然后将其用于航天器非线性姿态控制系统的设计中。仿真结果表明 ,航天器的姿态角以较高的精度快速跟踪目标值 ,最终偏差满足要求 ,系统性能良好。     

现场总线ARCNET及其应用

介绍一种新型的现场总线———ARCNET总线。ARCNET总线是一种令牌环式总线 ,具备高速性和延时可测性 ,非常适用于构成分布式的自动控制系统。文章以这种ARCNET总线应用于双足步行机器人控制系统为实例 ,分析了它的特点。     

雷达辐射源威胁等级评定的多属性决策方法

近几场局部战争表明,雷达等电子设备的作用越来越突出。在反空袭作战中,如何快速、高效和准确地判断出众多雷达辐射源的威胁等级,为地对空雷达干扰行动提供科学的决策支持,成为亟待解决的问题。研究了现代反空袭作战背景中,基于多属性决策(MADM)的空袭目标携带的雷达辐射源威胁等级的评定方法,建立了数学模型,最后的实例说明了模型的实用性。     

A new method for improving the performance of an ionospheric model developed by multi-instrument measurements based on artificial neural network

There are remarkable ionospheric discrepancies between space-borne (COSMIC) measurements and ground-based (ionosonde) observations, the discrepancies could decrease the accuracies of the ionospheric model developed by multi-source data seriously. To reduce the discrepancies between two observational systems, the peak frequency (foF2) and peak height (hmF2) derived from the COSMIC and ionosonde data are used to develop the ionospheric models by an artificial neural network (ANN) method, respectively. The averaged root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of COSPF (COSMIC peak frequency model), COSPH (COSMIC peak height model), IONOPF (Ionosonde peak frequency model) and IONOPH (Ionosonde peak height model) are 0.58 MHz, 19.59 km, 0.92 MHz and 23.40 km, respectively. The results indicate that the discrepancies between these models are dependent on universal time, geographic latitude and seasons. The peak frequencies measured by COSMIC are generally larger than ionosonde’s observations in the nighttime or middle-latitudes with the amplitude of lower than 25%, while the averaged peak height derived from COSMIC is smaller than ionosonde’s data in the polar regions. The differences between ANN-based maps and references show that the discrepancies between two ionospheric detecting techniques are proportional to the intensity of solar radiation. Besides, a new method based on the ANN technique is proposed to reduce the discrepancies for improving ionospheric models developed by multiple measurements, the results indicate that the RMSEs of ANN models optimized by the method are 14–25% lower than the models without the application of the method. Furthermore, the ionospheric model built by the multiple measurements with the application of the method is more powerful in capturing the ionospheric dynamic physics features, such as equatorial ionization, Weddell Sea, mid-latitude summer nighttime and winter anomalies. In conclusion, the new method is significant in improving the accuracy and physical characteristics of an ionospheric model based on multi-source observations.     

Satellite availability and positioning performance of uncombined precise point positioning using BeiDou-2 and BeiDou-3 multi-frequency signals

To realize the smooth transition from regional BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-2) to the global one (BDS-3), the integration of BDS-2 and BDS-3 is important for providing continuous, stable and reliable positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) services for global users. This work used 154 globally distributed multi-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) experiment stations spanning 30 days to analyze the satellite availability and positioning performance of uncombined precise point positioning (UC-PPP) under current BDS-2 and BDS-3 constellations. We focused on three issues: the influence of BDS-3 receiver tracking abilities, the positioning performance among different areas, and the benefit of multi-frequency observations. The results show that the elliptical zone caused by poor BDS-2 satellite visibility is disappeared when the evenly distributed BDS-3 medium earth orbit satellites are introduced. When BDS-3 are integrated with BDS-2, the area with the Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) less than 2 can be expanded to 75° S-75° N and 30° E-150° W. The positioning performance of BDS-3 and BDS-2/BDS-3 UC-PPP are seriously affected by the receiver tracking abilities of BDS-3 signals. When the maximum pseudo-random noise sequences (PRNs) of BDS-3 satellites tracked by stations are within 30 or 37, the positioning accuracy of static UC-PPP can be improved by 22.94% or 8.27% due to the integration of BDS-2 and BDS-3. Besides, the most improvement of BDS-2 and BDS-3 integration is achieved in Asia-Pacific regions, especially for the kinematic UC-PPP or the poor receiver tracking abilities of BDS-3. Similar to the multi-frequency BDS-2 UC-PPP, the benefit of multi-frequency signals for BDS-3 or BDS-2/BDS-3 UC-PPP is also non-vital. The three-dimensional positioning accuracy of BDS-2/BDS-3 multi-frequency UC-PPP in static mode and kinematic mode are 2.24 cm and 5.39 cm, while the corresponding convergence time are 49.62 min and 73.80 min, respectively. Compared with BDS-2, both the positioning accuracy and the convergence time of BDS-2/BDS-3 joint UC-PPP are improved by approximately over 50%, which indicates that BDS-3 has a great potential to provide high-quality PNT services as other global navigation satellite systems.