一种新的鲁棒非线性卡尔曼滤波

Huber方法是一种基于l1/l2联合范数的估计方法,该方法可以实现估计的鲁棒性,同时尽量不损失滤波精度和效率.基于Huber估计的无味卡尔曼滤波虽提高了无味卡尔曼滤波的鲁棒性,但这种方法用统计线性回归模型来近似非线性的观测模型,损失了无味变换的精度.从Huber方法的数学意义出发,对观测信息(观测值或观测噪声)进行重新构造,然后对精确的非线性观测方程进行标准的无味卡尔曼滤波,这种新的基于Huber方法的无味卡尔曼滤波无需对非线性观测方程进行线性近似,在保持鲁棒性的前提下提高了滤波精度.通过一个具有混合高斯分布观测噪声的简明实例,验证了新算法在鲁棒性、滤波精度以及估计一致性方面的优势.     

高超声速滑翔飞行器轨迹优化与制导综述

针对多约束条件下高超声速滑翔飞行器轨迹优化与制导问题,从离线和在线两个方面综述了高超声速滑翔飞行器轨迹优化与制导方法,并进行了展望。首先建立了带随机干扰的高超声速滑翔飞行器轨迹优化与制导问题模型。针对是否考虑随机干扰,从确定性和鲁棒性两方面对离线轨迹优化与制导进行了综述。在线轨迹优化与制导方面主要对在线轨迹生成加轨迹跟踪的标准轨迹制导和预测制导两方面进行了综述。最后,提出轨迹优化与制导技术应加强在模型、计算效率、多任务、高精度制导等几个方面的研究。     

Numerical investigation of the impact of asymmetric fuel injection on shock train characteristics

Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the impact of asymmetric fuel injection on shock train characteristics using the commercial-code FLUENT. The asymmetry of fuel injection is examined by changing the fuel flow rates of the upper and lower wall fuel injectors. The numerical approach solves the two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, supplemented with a k-ω model of turbulence. As a result, different ways of fuel injections will always lead to shock train transitions, with the variations of shock train structure, strength and leading edge position. For symmetric fuel injection, the flowfield of the isolator is quite asymmetric with the boundary layer of the upper wall side developing much stronger than that of the lower wall, which is due to the heterogeneity of the incoming flow. Regarding to asymmetric fuel injection with more of lower wall side, though the pressures in the combustor are nearly the same, the first shock of the shock train converts between ‘Distinct symmetric X type shock’ and ‘Obscure and weaker asymmetric shock’ and the shock train leading edge moves upstream with the increase of the asymmetry level. With regard to asymmetric fuel injection with more of upper wall side, ‘incomplete asymmetric X type shock’ occurs and the shock train structures keep nearly the same with low level of fuel injection asymmetry. Unexpected results like unstart will happen when increasing the level of fuel injection asymmetry. And the isolator will come back to normal state by decreasing the differential of upper and lower wall sides fuel injections.     

Experimental study of a flush wall scramjet combustor equipped with strut/wall fuel injection

In this study a flush wall scramjet combustor is tested in a supersonic incoming air flow with the Mach number of 3 which is generated by an air vitiation heater producing the stagnation temperature of 1505 K. Using liquid kerosene as the fuel, the flame is stabilized by means of a centrally mounted O₂ pilot strut after being ignited by a plasma torch. During experimental measurements, the fuel is injected with a constant equivalence ratio of 0.8 according to specified strut/wall injection ratios, i.e., a portion of the fuel amount is injected from the strut while the rest is injected from the wall. The strut and wall injectors are arranged at the same axial position. The combustion performance and wall temperature gradients are evaluated with various fuel feeding ratios between the wall and the strut. Experimental results show, when the equivalence ratio is constant and the axial injection position is fixed, the combustion characteristics vary significantly with the strut/wall fuel feeding ratio, especially when this ratio is close to its lowest and highest limits. Among the four fuel feeding ratios examined, the strut only injection mode and the average distributed strut/wall injection mode show the best combustion performance. However, the strut/wall injection mode produces a smaller wall temperature gradient compared to the strut only injection mode, which is due to the significant film cooling effect caused by the wall injected liquid kerosene.     

脉压雷达旁瓣匿影工作模式与抗干扰性能分析

旁瓣匿影是脉冲压缩雷达中常用的抗干扰技术。首先基于旁瓣匿影的一般结构,构建了脉压前匿影与脉压后匿影两种工作模式。然后重点针对不同工作模式下的雷达抗干扰性能和检测性能进行了理论分析和仿真研究。结果表明,脉压前匿影比较适合对抗压制性脉冲干扰,而脉压后匿影则更适合对抗欺骗性脉冲干扰。     

基于LS-DYNA滚动轴承使役可靠度计算方法

利用软件LS-DYNA对滚动轴承使役过程进行了动态有限元计算,基于响应面法（RSM）建立6408滚动轴承输入参数与输出响应的函数关系方程,设定各类随机误差分布,利用矩阵试验法确定抽样点在输入变量抽样空间的位置,进行一系列确定性拟合试验.每次试验借助LS-DYNA进行精确求解,运用求解数据对方程进行最小二乘法回归分析确定方程的组成项及系数.最后利用函数关系方程计算轴承任意时刻的使役可靠度.结果表明:计算得出该轴承在0.020008s时的使役可靠度为97.062%.      

离散广义Markov跳变系统的镇定性

针对转移概率部分未知情况下的离散时间广义Markov跳变系统,研究了系统的稳定性和镇定性。转移概率部分未知的情况包含了转移概率完全已知和完全未知两种特殊情况,具有更广泛的实际意义。首先利用线性矩阵不等式方法,将离散Markov跳变系统的结论推广到离散广义Markov跳变系统,提出了使开环系统随机稳定的充分条件;在此基础上,进一步提出了闭环系统可镇定的判据,并表示为线性矩阵不等式形式;最后,通过仿真算例验证了所提方法的有效性。     

GNSS服务空域空间信号可用性比较与分析

通过基本参数对全球卫星导航系统（GPS、GLONASS、Galileo和北斗）空间信号可用性影响实验,得出四系统的A knee 值分别为3800km、1100km、3800km和1000km,对应的平均可见卫星数为25、16、22和14/22（亚太地区、MEO星座/混合星座）。分析了三种典型轨道用户的卫星可见性,北斗和GLONASS对MEO和HEO用户的空间信号可用性能较GPS和Galileo稍差,而在LEO用户的应用中,北斗空间信号可用性能却表现最优,平均可见卫星数约为20颗,可用性时间分布比较均匀。最后对GNSS空间有效持续时间段进行统计,随着用户高度的增加,有效持续时间段数增多、总有效持续时间减少;四系统提供全弧段有效服务空间分别为地面至6100km、1600km、6100km和1700km。     

基于SCADA及以太网的大型空间环境模拟器集中控制系统

以往的空间环境模拟器大多采用分散独立控制的模式,导致多套设备并行试验时人力投入大、设备管理困难。针对这一问题,文章提出了一种基于SCADA（Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition,监控与资料搜集）系统和以太网的分布式集中控制系统。该系统采用B/S架构,将控制网络和企业局域网相结合,为操作用户和管理用户提供方便灵活的远程数据服务。系统对关键模块采用了必要的冗余设计,增加了可靠性和安全性。     

曲面红外测温方向性误差分析与修正方法研究

通过实验验证与理论分析,探讨了曲面特征的红外辐射测温特性。研究结果表明：曲面红外辐射测温在本质上与平面辐射测温相同,满足同一数学表达式;出现曲面红外测温失真的根本原因是被测表面等效面出现了不满足表面漫射条件假设的状况,这主要是由被测表面法向与测量方向夹角过大导致的;通过测量当地表面发射率可以校正因等效面不满足漫射条件假设造成的红外测温结果失真。