可凝性气体对低温光学元件表面污染的测试设备

详细介绍了某些可凝性气体对低温光学元件表面污染测试设备的基本原理，基本结构及使用方法；对其主要性能进行了实验测定，并给出了系统误差分析，该设备结构简单，功能齐全,性能可靠，使用方便；测试波段从近红外直至远红外，精度优于3％，与国外同类仪器相当，可用于各类可凝性气冷凝霜层的测试研究，为进一步发展空间技术提供了有效的研究设备。     

涡轴发动机全状态实时气动热力学数值模拟

用“外推”法得到了某燃气涡轴发动机起动状态的部件特性,采用容积法建立了表达发动机热力过程特性的非线性方程组,解决了通常的部件法建模需要迭代的问题,建立了1个涡轴发动机全状态气动热力学实时模型;在起动建模中考虑了温升对部件效率的影响以及传热对燃气热焓的影响。给出了某发动机从起动到最大状态全过程的数值模拟结果。     

压电智能桁架的振动控制和结构的一体化优化设计

 提出了压电智能桁架的振动控制和结构的一体化优化设计方法。在优化模型中既能考虑结构设计指标,又能考虑振动控制指标,并且能同时进行控制参数和结构设计参数的联合优化设计,给出了灵敏度计算和优化求解方法,数值算例表明了本文方法的有效性。     

基于灰色聚类的磨粒自动识别

 将灰色系统理论中的聚类分析技术用于磨损颗粒的自动识别, 编制了相应的计算机模拟程序。在对磨粒图象的形态特征参数进行敏感性分析的基础上, 确定了各参数的灰类白化权函数, 并结合磨粒识别的试验研究, 给出了磨粒各特征参数的聚类权值。应用此方法对一组标准磨粒进行了模拟识别, 识别正确率在90% 以上, 并且识别速度很快, 大大优于传统的磨粒识别方法。     

Optimal assimilation for ionospheric weather – Theoretical aspect

Observation, specification and prediction of ionospheric weather are the key scientific pursuits of space physicists, which largely based on an optimal assimilation system. The optimal assimilation system, or commonly called data assimilation system, consists of dynamic process, observation system and optimal estimation procedure. We attempt to give a complete framework in this paper under which the data assimilation procedure carries through. We discuss some crucial issues of data assimilation as follows: modeling a dynamic system for ionospheric weather; state estimation for static or steady system in sense of optimization and likelihood; state and its uncertainty estimation for dynamic process. Meanwhile we also discuss briefly the observability of an observation system; system parameter identification. Some data assimilation procedures existed at present are reviewed in the framework of this paper. As an example, a second order dynamic system is discussed in more detail to illustrate the specific optimal assimilation procedure, ranging from modeling the system, state and its uncertainty calculation, to the quantitatively integration of dynamic law, measurement to significantly reduce the estimation error. The analysis shows that the optimal assimilation model, with mathematical core of optimal estimation, differs from the theoretical, empirical and semi-empirical models in assimilating measured data, being constrained by physical law and being optimized respectively. The data assimilation technique, due to its optimization and integration feature, could obtain better accurate results than those obtained by dynamic process, measurement or their statistical analysis alone. The model based on optimal assimilation meets well with the criterion of the model or algorithm assessment by ‘space weather metrics’. More attention for optimal assimilation procedure creation should be paid to transition matrix finding, which is usually not easy for practical space weather system. High performance computing hardware and software studies should be promoted further so as to meet the requirement of large storage and extensive computation in the optimal estimation. The discussion in this paper is appropriate for the static or steady state or transition process of dynamic system. Many phenomena in space environment are unstable and chaos. So space environment study should include and integrate these two branches of learning. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

复合材料缺陷的红外热波无损检测

简述了红外热波无损检测的原理，并利用红外热波无损检测系统对铝蜂窝夹芯结构复合材料和泡沫夹芯结构复合材料的胶接界面脱粘缺陷进行了检测。结果表明，该方法检测此类缺陷快速、高效、直观。引入界面层的概念，建立了此类复合材料缺陷红外热波检测的数学分析模型，利用该模型简单方便地对热像图进行了理论分析。     

JSF战机动力装置研制新特点浅析

美国军方提出以现有发动机型号F119为基础来研制第四代轻型战机JSF,既降低了新机的技术风险,缩短型号研制周期,又可大幅度地节省项目研发资金和降低型号全寿命成本,这一思路值得关注或借鉴。通过对F-35战机基本型发动机F135和备用型F136发动机的最新发展动态分析,阐述了军用飞机动力装置类型从常规的涡喷/涡扇发动机向非常规的变循环发动机转变是一个必然发展趋势;而航空动力研制方法正从”传统设计”向更先进的”预测设计”过渡。     

一种旋流式喷嘴的实验和数值研究

对一种小尺寸复杂结构的旋流式喷嘴进行了实验和数值研究，实验研究中确定了喷嘴前后压差与流量间的对应关系，数值研究中应用VOF方法对喷嘴内三维气液两相流动进行了计算，并与实验结果做了比较，二者吻合较好，而后应用该算法对喷嘴在不同结构尺寸下的流动过程进行了计算，对比分析后发现，旋流室及旋流器的结构和尺寸均会对喷嘴出口速度产生影响，但只有旋流器螺旋升角和槽道数目才会对喷嘴雾化角产生显著影响。     

带装药裂纹发动机内流场数值研究

在N－S方程基础上，考虑网格移动，建立了适用于固体火箭发动机内流场的湍流控制方程组，并对带装药裂纹的固体的火箭发动机内流场进行了数值模拟，分析了推进剂中裂纹深度，宽度、位置、角度等多种因素对发动机内流场的影响，计算结果表明：（1）裂纹出口处流速高，大于主通道流速，在裂纹出口附近存在回流区；（2）当裂纹紧靠发动机前封头时，裂纹出口附近回流强度减弱，裂纹对发动机内的流动影响较小；（3）当裂纹深度与裂纹宽度比大于240时，裂纹内压强急剧升高，对发动机装药结构完整性具有重要影响。     

某固体发动机壳体外防热涂层研究

介绍某固体发动机壳体外防热涂层的研究情况。通过各种基体材料的选择研究 ,确定所研制涂料由有机硅改性环氧树脂室温固化体系与耐热和隔热功能填料组成 ;溶剂为丙酮和二甲苯的混合物。涂层的拉伸强度≮ 7MPa ;伸长率≮ 1 % ;热导率为 0 .2 2 1W/ (m·K) ,比热容为 1 .72× 1 0 3J/ (kg·K) ,密度为 1 .2 5 6g/cm3;并具有较高的耐热性、隔热性和良好的附着力