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411.
D. Spänkuch I. László 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1982,2(5):167-170
When imaging the surface from satellites or aircraft, “cross radiance” diminishes the information content of the pictures. In this paper a simple method is presented to estimate the value of cross radiance. This method includes a height-dependent aerosol size distribution model and the calculations refer to the single scattering approximation. The height variation of aerosol size distribution has significant effect on the value of cross radiance, while the areal distribution does not change much in comparison with that of the height-independent aerosol model. 相似文献
412.
亚、跨音速三维机翼气动外形反设计的控制理论方法 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文进行了基于控制论的气动外形反设计方法研究,根据给定的目标函数推导了在物理空间上描述的共轭及相应的边界条件,通过构造共轭方程耗散通量项,以及使用特征线理论处理远场边界等措施,研究了共轭方程的数值求解方法,使用Hicks-Henne函数来描述设计变量扰动对机翼表面外形的影响,通过网格扰动获得度量矩阵变分来获得目标函数对设计变量的敏感性导数,优化过程使用拟牛顿优化算法,通过对流场计算、共轭方程数值求解、敏感性导数求解和优化算法这四个方面的有效结合,成功地发展出了一种机翼气动外形反设计方法,进行了机翼气动外形反设计研究,结果表明该设计方法在设计理论及可实现性方面,特别在跨音速及复杂外形气动设计方面比以往设计方法具有更好的适用性和优越性,且设计结果较为可靠,在现有计算条件下是一个好的设计方法,时间花费也较少。 相似文献
413.
Verigin M.I. Slavin J. Szabo A. Kotova G.A. Remizov A.P. Rosenbauer H. Livi S. Szegö K. Tátrallyay M. Schwingenschuh K. Zhang T.-L. 《Space Science Reviews》2004,111(1-2):233-243
Detailed analysis of disturbances observed on 24 March, 1989 far upstream of the usual Martian bow shock position was completed with the use of the planetary obstacle and bow shock models relevant for the period of Phobos 2 observations and for low Mach numbers, respectively. It is proven that the system of discontinuities observed in the solar wind between 18:42 and 19:36 UT was the consequence of unusually distant planetary bow shock excursions. The cause was unusually small ρV 2 and M a values in the solar wind flow. 相似文献
414.
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417.
为了计算复杂目标的雷达散射截面(RCS),提出了一种基于AutoCAD几何建模的近场目标电磁散射计算技术,计算了单元体,组成体以及飞机的近场雷达散射截面,理论计算和实测结果较为吻合,为在微机上计算复杂目标近场RCS提供了一种理想的方法。 相似文献
418.
Prieto-Ballesteros O Rodríguez N Kargel JS Kessler CG Amils R Remolar DF 《Astrobiology》2003,3(4):863-877
Tírez Lake (La Mancha, central Spain) is proposed as a terrestrial analogue of Europa's ocean. The proposal is based on the comparison of the hydrogeochemistry of Tírez Lake with the geochemical features of the alteration mineralogy of meteoritic precursors and with Galileo's Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer data on Europa's surface. To validate the astrobiological potential of Tírez Lake as an analog of Europa, different hydrogeochemical, mineral, and microbial analyses were performed. Experimental and theoretical modeling helped to understand the crystallization pathways that may occur in Europa's crust. Calculations about the oxidation state of the hypothetical Europan ocean were estimated to support the sulfate-rich neutral liquid model as the origin of Europa's observed hydrated minerals and to facilitate their comparison with Tírez's hydrogeochemistry. Hydrogeochemical and mineralogical analyses showed that Tírez waters corresponded to Mg-Na-SO(4)-Cl brines with epsomite, hexahydrite, and halite as end members. A preliminary microbial ecology characterization identified two different microbial domains: a photosynthetically sustained community represented by planktonic/benthonic forms and microbial mat communities, and a subsurficial anaerobic realm in which chemolithotrophy predominates. Fluorescence in situ hybridization has been used to characterize the prokaryotic diversity of the system. The subsurficial community seemed to be dominated by sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogens. Frozen Tírez brines were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared techniques providing spectra similar to those reported previously using pure components and to the Galileo spectral data. Calorimetric measurements of Tírez brines showed pathways and phase metastability for magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride crystallization that may aid in understanding the processes involved in the formation of Europa's icy crust. The use of fluorescence hybridization techniques for microbial detection and characterization in hypersaline environments makes this methodology strongly advisable for future Europa astrobiological missions. 相似文献
419.
J.M. Fontenla E. Quémerais I. González Hernández C. Lindsey M. Haberreiter 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009
This paper presents a new approach to forecasting short-term Lyα solar irradiance variations due to the presence and evolution of magnetically heated regions in the Sun’s outer atmosphere. This scheme is based on images of the solar disk at key wavelengths, currently Ca II K filtergrams, maps of backscattered solar Lyα from the interplanetary medium, and helioseismic images of large far-side active regions. The combination of these resources allows accurate forecasts of the UV solar irradiance several days in advance. The technique takes into consideration the evolution of recently observed activity on the Sun’s near surface as well as active regions on the Sun’s far side. The far-side helioseismic maps and the Lyα backscattering are very important, because of the long period of time features spend on the Sun’s far side compared with their typical evolution time and their relatively sudden appearance on the near side. We describe the basics of the forecasting technique and apply it to a case study that shows how the technique dramatically improves Lyα irradiance forecasting. An extension of the technique described here promises realistic forecasts of the entire FUV/EUV solar spectral irradiance spectrum. 相似文献
420.