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371.
Rachael L. Beaton Giuseppe Bono Vittorio Francesco Braga Massimo Dall’Ora Giuliana Fiorentino In Sung Jang Clara E. Martínez-Vázquez Noriyuki Matsunaga Matteo Monelli Jillian R. Neeley Maurizio Salaris 《Space Science Reviews》2018,214(8):113
Old-aged stellar distance indicators are present in all Galactic structures (halo, bulge, disk) and in galaxies of all Hubble types and, thus, are immensely powerful tools for understanding our Universe. Here we present a comprehensive review for three primary standard candles from Population II: (i) RR Lyrae type variables (RRL), (ii) type II Cepheid variables (T2C), and (iii) the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB). The discovery and use of these distance indicators is placed in historical context before describing their theoretical foundations and demonstrating their observational applications across multiple wavelengths. The methods used to establish the absolute scale for each standard candle is described with a discussion of the observational systematics. We conclude by looking forward to the suite of new observational facilities anticipated over the next decade; these have both a broader wavelength coverage and larger apertures than current facilities. We anticipate future advancements in our theoretical understanding and observational application of these stellar populations as they apply to the Galactic and extragalactic distance scale. 相似文献
372.
V.?G.?EselevichEmail author N.?L.?Borodkova M.?V.?Eselevich G.?N.?Zastenker Y.??afránkova Z.?Něme?ek L.?P?ech 《Cosmic Research》2017,55(1):30-45
According to the data of the BMSW/SPEKTR-R instrument, which measured the density and velocity of solar wind plasma with a record time resolution, up to ~3 ×10–2 s, the structure of the front of interplanetary shocks has been investigated. The results of these first investigations were compared with the results of studying the structure of the bow shocks obtained in previous years. A comparison has shown that the quasi-stationary (averaged over the rapid oscillations) distribution of plasma behind the interplanetary shock front was significantly more inhomogeneous than that behind the bow-shock front, i.e., in the magnetosheath. It has also been shown that, to determine the size of internal structures of the fronts of quasi-perpendicular (θBN > 45°) shocks, one could use the magnetic field magnitude, the proton density, and the proton flux of the solar wind on almost equal terms. A comparison of low Mach (М А < 2), low beta (β1 < 1) fronts of interplanetary and bow shocks has shown that the dispersion of oblique magnetosonic waves plays an essential role in their formation. 相似文献
373.
Julio E. Valdivia-Silva Rafael Navarro-González José de la Rosa Christopher P. McKay 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012
The organic compounds on the Martian surface are still undetectable by the previous Viking mission that has been sent to Mars even though they are expected to be there by exogenous and/or endogenous synthesis. The high abiotic reactivity has been the most acceptable explanation for the apparently absence of organic matter in the regolith. 相似文献
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375.
J. Kleczek H. Nussbaumer K. A. van der Hucht J. P. de Greve G. Ooms R. J. Rutten H. van der Laan F. W. Jäger G. C. M. Reijnen w. Bijleveld J. Kistemaker C. de Jager E. R. Mustel Y. Ne'eman E. R. Priest H. Stiller W. Seifert O. Namba M. Kuperus Roel Hoekstra F. L. H. M. Stumpers S. Frank J. T. F. Zimmerman C. de Loore R. Gendrin J. Schrijver P. S. Mulder K. A. Pounds R. S. Young L. Houziaux O. Engvold B. J. Bok W. de Graaff 《Space Science Reviews》1983,36(4):415-432
376.
O. Ooms Hans Van Der Woerd Henny J. G. L. M. Lamers Josip Kleczek J. Kovalevsky R. Gathier T. Jarzebowski J. P. Swings K. A. van der Hucht O. Namba R. Mewe D. Lynden-Bell Jan Kuijpers M. van der Klis D. de Hoop H. Wittenberg W. Iwanowska P. S. Thé J. Schrijver S. R. Pottasch 《Space Science Reviews》1984,38(3-4):385-387
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Space Science Reviews - 相似文献