月球软着陆的时间最优安全着陆区搜索算法

以时间为最优参数,提出了一种模拟人类在月球软着陆过程中识别障碍物、选择安全着陆点的思维模式,利用高程图寻找安全着陆点的软着陆算法。综合考虑着陆器能容忍的障碍物高度、粗糙度、坡度和着陆器的水平机动距离,根据时间最优设计算法,计算简单、速度快、可靠性高。仿真结果表明了算法的正确性和可靠性。     

GNSS global real-time augmentation positioning: Real-time precise satellite clock estimation,prototype system construction and performance analysis

Lots of ambiguities in un-differenced (UD) model lead to lower calculation efficiency, which isn’t appropriate for the high-frequency real-time GNSS clock estimation, like 1 Hz. Mixed differenced model fusing UD pseudo-range and epoch-differenced (ED) phase observations has been introduced into real-time clock estimation. In this contribution, we extend the mixed differenced model for realizing multi-GNSS real-time clock high-frequency updating and a rigorous comparison and analysis on same conditions are performed to achieve the best real-time clock estimation performance taking the efficiency, accuracy, consistency and reliability into consideration. Based on the multi-GNSS real-time data streams provided by multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) and Wuhan University, GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning prototype system is designed and constructed, including real-time precise orbit determination, real-time precise clock estimation, real-time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) and real-time Standard Point Positioning (RT-SPP). The statistical analysis of the 6 h-predicted real-time orbits shows that the root mean square (RMS) in radial direction is about 1–5 cm for GPS, Beidou MEO and Galileo satellites and about 10 cm for Beidou GEO and IGSO satellites. Using the mixed differenced estimation model, the prototype system can realize high-efficient real-time satellite absolute clock estimation with no constant clock-bias and can be used for high-frequency augmentation message updating (such as 1 Hz). The real-time augmentation message signal-in-space ranging error (SISRE), a comprehensive accuracy of orbit and clock and effecting the users’ actual positioning performance, is introduced to evaluate and analyze the performance of GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning system. The statistical analysis of real-time augmentation message SISRE is about 4–7 cm for GPS, whlile 10 cm for Beidou IGSO/MEO, Galileo and about 30 cm for BeiDou GEO satellites. The real-time positioning results prove that the GPS + BeiDou + Galileo RT-PPP comparing to GPS-only can effectively accelerate convergence time by about 60%, improve the positioning accuracy by about 30% and obtain averaged RMS 4 cm in horizontal and 6 cm in vertical; additionally RT-SPP accuracy in the prototype system can realize positioning accuracy with about averaged RMS 1 m in horizontal and 1.5–2 m in vertical, which are improved by 60% and 70% to SPP based on broadcast ephemeris, respectively.     

对产品范畴的重新界定

生产劳动范畴的扩大，使产品的范畴也要随之发生变化。重新界定产品的范畴具有重要的意义，也是我们亟待解决的问题。从确定产品界限的三个标准入手，试图对产品的重新界定问题做些探讨。     

异步非二进制计数器的一般设计方法

本文给出了几种异步非二进制计数器时序逻辑的一般设计方法，希望对学习和应用异步时序逻辑设计的人们有所帮助。     

航天器磁力矩器在高低温环境下工作性能变化

文章通过热梯度试验、冷热循环试验和老炼试验模拟航天器磁力矩器所经历的空间温度环境,并采用磁力矩器工作性能监测系统实时测量磁力矩器的工作磁矩和绕线电阻。通过对测试结果的分析发现,不同的温度环境、冷热循环时间和循环次数均会对磁力矩器的工作性能产生影响;且磁力矩器采用的磁心棒材料不同,空间温度环境对磁力矩器工作性能的影响不同。     

有限推力能量、燃料最优轨道转移控制

应用间接法研究了时间固定下的能量、燃料以及能量-燃料最优有限推力轨道转移控制问题.燃料最优问题因存在奇异性而不易处理,引入能量性能指标可以消除奇异性,应用ε算法寻求解决了燃料最优轨道转移问题.应用极小值原理,设计了最优控制器,应用单值打靶法研究了相应轨迹优化问题转化的两点边值问题.数值结果表明在相同推力、相同轨道转移时间条件下,三种最优控制方式得到的最优轨迹几乎相同;同时也表明给定初始和目标轨道,轨道转移任务消耗的燃料是确定的,推力大小只影响轨道转移的圈数.     

某型导弹伸缩翼展开可靠性评估

与固定翼相比,伸缩翼能够有效减少飞机弹仓的空间占用,但由于伸缩翼存在运动机构,其带来的可靠性下降成为不可忽视的问题。为探究新型机构的可靠度,本文从理论方面计算某型伸缩翼展开机构的定位可靠性;采用 Adams 对伸缩翼展开过程进行仿真,结合 Adams/Insight 模块计算在考虑摩擦力条件下的卡滞可靠性,并对伸缩翼卡滞失效原因进行分析。结果表明：异物的存在使伸缩翼的定位可靠性显著降低,适当增加上下翼弹簧的预载荷能够有效减小伸缩翼展开机构的卡滞失效,上下翼弹簧在上翼质心产生的附加力矩会降低伸缩翼的卡滞可靠性。     

Liquid-Solid Phase Equilibria of Nb-Si-Ti Ternary Alloys

To determine the liquid-solid phase equilibria of the Nb-Si-Ti ternary system, Nb-Si-Ti alloys of different compositions are prepared. By means of scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and electron probe microanalysis （EPMA）, the phases in the alloys, such as Si-based solutions, Ti（Nb）Si, Ti（Nb）Si2, Nb（Ti）Si2, Ti（Nb）5Si4, Nb（Ti）5Si3, Ti（Nb）5Si3, Nb（Ti）3Si and Nb-based solutions are identified, and the phase evolution is analyzed. As a result, the microstmctural and microchemical evidence provides a clear definition of the Nb-Si-Ti liquidus surface projection and indicates that the ternary phase diagram has seven transition reactions.     

卫星姿态容错控制系统的鲁棒自适应逆最优控制

针对卫星姿态控制系统中的执行机构和敏感器故障问题,将系统不确定性参数作为在线估计自适应参数,并考虑系统故障检测与诊断结果的不确定性,基于逆最优原理采用积分反推方法求解辅助系统的自适应控制Lyapunov函数,设计了能够确保原系统鲁棒稳定的自适应逆最优控制器并给出了详细的证明。最后进行了数学仿真,仿真结果表明文中设计的容错控制方法合理有效。     

空间交会寻的最优轨道机动

研究了交会寻的阶段的燃料优化问题。在经典Ｃ－Ｗ方法基础上,导出了考虑第一次脉冲位置的双脉冲寻的燃料优化方法。当寻的时间给定时,优化变量为第一次脉冲启动的时刻;当寻的时间不定时,优化变量为第一次脉冲启动的时刻和寻的时间。仿真结果表明,考虑和不考虑第一次脉冲位置,燃料消耗差别悬殊。对于地面站较少、要求寻的时间比较长的情况,该方法有重要意义。