我国航天运输系统成就与展望

我国运载火箭起步于20世纪60年代,经过半个世纪的发展,共经历了5个阶段,研制了4代17种运载火箭。具备发射低、中、高不同轨道,不同有效载荷的能力。本文对我国航天运输系统发展历程和成就进行了总结,并基于发展成果和未来发展需求,对航天运输系统未来发展规划进行了展望。     

宇航员手持式高频冲击采样装置的设计研究

获取具有原态层理信息的月壤剖面样品是我国载人登月人工采样任务的重要目标之一。对比国外地外天体采样技术,提出了一种适合宇航员手持操作的高频冲击式采样装置。采样装置采用高频冲击作用下颗粒的单向运移原理,可保证样品的原态层理信息,降低了采样功耗,提高了取芯率;取芯机构表面的各向异性摩擦形貌增强了颗粒单向运移效果,提高了采样效率;改变冲击频率进行取芯试验,得到了冲击频率与表面形貌对取芯率的影响规律,为我国载人登月人工采样装置的设计研究提供技术参考。     

利用"火星快车"三程多普勒跟踪数据限定局部洛伦兹不变性

目前航天器的三程多普勒跟踪技术已经在深空探测的控制与导航领域起到了重要作用。利用包含了对局部洛伦兹不变性(LLI)以及局部位置不变性(LPI)原理有破坏的三程多普勒跟踪理论,研究分析了"火星快车"(MEX)三程多普勒跟踪数据的残差。这些多普勒观测于2009年8月7日和8日进行,利用了欧洲航天局(ESA)在澳大利亚新诺舍(New Norcia)的上行站和三个分别在中国上海、昆明以及乌鲁木齐的下行站。我们发现,这些观测结果给出的LLI上限在10-2的量级。但由于各观测站本身对频率测量的精度有限,这些数据并不适合于检验LPI。     

微阴极电弧推力器羽流探针诊断研究

微阴极电弧推力器（micro-cathode arc thruster,μCAT）具备功率低和结构简单的特点,能够满足微纳卫星的任务需求,具有良好的发展前景。μCAT羽流的诊断可以揭示推力器的加速机理,对提高其性能具有重要意义。利用朗缪尔三探针对μCAT羽流进行诊断,得到了μCAT羽流不同位置的电子温度、电子密度和离子速度等羽流特性,研究了外加磁场、充电时间和阴极材料对羽流特性的影响。研究结果表明,μCAT放电初期产生的等离子体电子温度较高,密度较大;随着等离子体向下游运动,电子温度和电子密度降低,离子速度增大;外加磁场的磁感应强度越强,电子温度和离子速度越高,电子密度有所降低;磁场位置适当向推力器下游平移,能够有效提高推力器中轴线的电子密度;μCAT充电时间越长,电子温度、电子密度和离子速度越大;相比于CuW和AgW阴极,Ti阴极羽流的电子温度更高,电子密度更低。     

圆环压缩的刚塑性有限元分析与应用

本文采用刚塑性有限元法分析圆环压缩,并与上限法分析和试验结果进行比较。结果表明,采用这种方法可以计算标定曲线,计算各种润滑剂的摩擦因素和压缩状态下材料的应力应变曲线,模拟圆环的变形和摩擦面的正压力分布。 本文还通过试验,求得四种高温润滑的摩擦因素和Ti-6Al-4V在不同条件下的应力应变曲线。     

外弹道测量的定位误差对测速折射修正的影响

考虑了在外弹道测量中由于定位的测量误差（主要指常值误差）而带来的测速折射修正的误差。从折射修正的原理出发,推导了该项误差的表现形式。理论分析与仿真计算表明,在高准确度测量定轨中该项误差是不能忽略的。给出了扣除该误差的方法,以利于在数据处理中来消除该项误差,从而可提高定轨的准确度。     

用激光干涉技术测量转速的研究

叙述了一种新型转速激光干涉测量方法,详细分析了这种方法的工作原理,确定了本测量方法的转速测量范围,给出了实验结果。     

先进的宇航试验舱温控系统

介绍了中国新一代宇航试验舱的温控系统。该温控系统设计思想先进、结构新颖。在直径２．３ｍ,长２ｍ的封闭舱体控温面上,实现了０℃～５０℃的任意温度定点控制及９０ｍｉｎ内的正弦波、梯形波、三角波的周期变化;在整个控温面上温度非均匀性（均方根偏差）小于０．３℃,远远超过了非均匀度±１℃、控制精度±２℃的原设计指标。     

Early effects of low dose C ion or X-ray irradiation on human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The aim of this study was to estimate the acute effects of low dose ¹²C⁶⁺ ions or X-ray radiation on human immune function. The human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) of seven healthy donors were exposed to 0.05 Gy ¹²C⁶⁺ ions or X-ray radiation and cell responses were measured at 24 h after exposure. The cytotoxic activities of HPBL were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT); the percentages of T and NK cells subsets were detected by flow cytometry; mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ were examined by real time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR); and these cytokines protein levels in supernatant of cultured cells were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The results showed that the cytotoxic activity of HPBL, mRNA expression of IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α in HPBL and their protein levels in supernatant were significantly increased at 24 h after exposure to 0.05 Gy ¹²C⁶⁺ ions radiation and the effects were stronger than observed for X-ray exposure. However, there was no significant change in the percentage of T and NK cells subsets of HPBL. These results suggested that 0.05 Gy high linear energy transfer (LET) ¹²C⁶⁺ radiation was a more effective approach to host immune enhancement than that of low LET X-ray. We conclude that cytokines production might be used as sensitive indicators of acute response to LDI.     

Using the radial basis function neural network to predict ionospheric critical frequency of F2 layer over Wuhan

Neural networks (NNs) have been applied to ionospheric predictions recently. This paper uses radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) to forecast hourly values of the ionospheric F₂ layer critical frequency(f_oF₂), over Wuhan (30.5N, 114.3E), China. The false nearest neighbor method is used to determine the embedding dimension, and the principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce noise and dimension. The whole study is based on a sample of about 26,000 observations of f_oF₂ with 1-h time resolution, derived during the period from January 1981 to December 1983. The performance of RBF-NN is estimated by calculating the normalized root-mean-squared (NRMSE) error, and its results show that short-term predictions of f_oF₂ are improved.