GNSS global real-time augmentation positioning: Real-time precise satellite clock estimation,prototype system construction and performance analysis

Lots of ambiguities in un-differenced (UD) model lead to lower calculation efficiency, which isn’t appropriate for the high-frequency real-time GNSS clock estimation, like 1 Hz. Mixed differenced model fusing UD pseudo-range and epoch-differenced (ED) phase observations has been introduced into real-time clock estimation. In this contribution, we extend the mixed differenced model for realizing multi-GNSS real-time clock high-frequency updating and a rigorous comparison and analysis on same conditions are performed to achieve the best real-time clock estimation performance taking the efficiency, accuracy, consistency and reliability into consideration. Based on the multi-GNSS real-time data streams provided by multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) and Wuhan University, GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning prototype system is designed and constructed, including real-time precise orbit determination, real-time precise clock estimation, real-time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) and real-time Standard Point Positioning (RT-SPP). The statistical analysis of the 6 h-predicted real-time orbits shows that the root mean square (RMS) in radial direction is about 1–5 cm for GPS, Beidou MEO and Galileo satellites and about 10 cm for Beidou GEO and IGSO satellites. Using the mixed differenced estimation model, the prototype system can realize high-efficient real-time satellite absolute clock estimation with no constant clock-bias and can be used for high-frequency augmentation message updating (such as 1 Hz). The real-time augmentation message signal-in-space ranging error (SISRE), a comprehensive accuracy of orbit and clock and effecting the users’ actual positioning performance, is introduced to evaluate and analyze the performance of GPS + BeiDou + Galileo global real-time augmentation positioning system. The statistical analysis of real-time augmentation message SISRE is about 4–7 cm for GPS, whlile 10 cm for Beidou IGSO/MEO, Galileo and about 30 cm for BeiDou GEO satellites. The real-time positioning results prove that the GPS + BeiDou + Galileo RT-PPP comparing to GPS-only can effectively accelerate convergence time by about 60%, improve the positioning accuracy by about 30% and obtain averaged RMS 4 cm in horizontal and 6 cm in vertical; additionally RT-SPP accuracy in the prototype system can realize positioning accuracy with about averaged RMS 1 m in horizontal and 1.5–2 m in vertical, which are improved by 60% and 70% to SPP based on broadcast ephemeris, respectively.     

空间核电推进系统比质量优化建模及其木星探测应用分析

空间核电推进(Nuclear Electric Propulsion,NEP)系统是一种将核热能转换成电能,并驱动大功率电推力器而产生推力的革命性空间推进技术。和传统推进技术相比,NEP具有高比冲、大功率、长寿命等技术优势,非常适合未来大规模深空探测任务。基于NEP系统组成和小推力轨道理论,建立了以有效载荷为目标的NEP系统比质量优化模型。该模型能够解析NEP航天器的轨道运行时间、比质量、功率与有效载荷比的复杂耦合关系,为任务优化提供了计算依据。最后,利用该模型对NEP系统完成NASA "Juno号"航天任务进行了技术指标评估分析。计算表明,当NEP系统比质量达到4.8 kg/kWe时,其能将"Juno号"航天任务的地木转移时间由2 266 d缩短至665 d,有效载荷由160 kg提高到1 179 kg,极大地提高了航天器的探测能力,为任务方案的可行性论证和后续设计提供参考。     

压气机叶片刻花纹试验研究

本文介绍压气机叶片表面刻花纹部件试验有关情况。部件试验结果表明 ,在现成的压气机叶片表面刻以特定型式的花纹 ,可使压气机效率、喘振裕度等主要性能指标有明显提高。     

重型燃气轮机氮氧化物排放研究

针对燃气轮机氮氧化物的排放问题,通过对4种氮氧化物生成原理进行深入分析,给出了基于摩尔分数、燃气温度和压 力的氮氧化物生成速率的计算公式。表明氮氧化物生成速率与压力成幂函数关系,幂次分别为0.5、1.0和1.5,是温度的指数和幂 函数组成的复杂函数关系。通过冷态掺混试验获得了燃气轮机燃烧室中心预混区的不均匀度。在预混燃烧的燃气温度表征为以 平均燃烧温度为中心的高斯分布、扩散燃烧为火焰锋面、当量比为1的假设前提下,分别建立了燃烧室环形预混区、中心预混区和 中心扩散区的氮氧化物生成模型。结果表明：氮氧化物生成模型的计算结果与测量值的最大绝对误差为3.2×10-6。利用模型控制 环形预混区平均温度在1853 K以下、扩散区平均温度在1923 K以下,可使燃烧室总排放量小于国标要求25×10-6的限定值。     

InGaAsP快速外延生长及其在太阳电池中的应用

四元InGaAsP混晶是一种理想的可用于窄禁带太阳电池制备的半导体材料.本文研究了InP衬底上InGaAsP材料在不同外延生长速度下的掺杂特性和晶体质量.通过电化学电容-电压测试法,实验发现高生长速率下InGaAsP材料的Zn掺杂的掺杂浓度与Ⅲ族源流量无关,而Si掺杂的掺杂浓度随Ⅲ族源流量增加而减少.通过瞬态荧光光谱测...     

双口RAM在航天伺服系统中的应用

航天伺服系统中数据传输具有高速实时等特性,针对采用双口RAM进行并行数据传输时易发生冲突的问题,提出了一种新的数据传输机制。不同于现有握手等待和优先级抢占等方案,从最根本的分时访问总线和数据空间的角度出发,设计了一种同步分时访问机制,实现了无冲突访问数据的高速传输。基于该同步分时访问机制,设计了基于FPGA的双口RAM数据传输方案,并通过仿真验证了该方案的可行性。搭建了数据传输测试平台,设计了多种测试用例。经过测试表明,该双口RAM性能稳定,实现了零误码率数据的高速传输。     

飞机复合材料表面导电层的雷击仿真研究

复合材料在飞机上的应用越来越广泛,与金属相比复合材料导电性较差,因此处于雷击区域的复合材料部件表面要设计导电防护层以承受雷击时的瞬间放电,避免复合材料部件的烧蚀损伤。本研究利用数值仿真的方法建立了数学模型,计算了复合材料表面导电层通过雷击电流脉冲后的电场和温度场分布,并对该导电层的雷击防护能力及可靠性进行了评价。模拟结果表明,厚度为0.20 mm的铝导电层最适宜做飞机表面的雷击防护层。     

环形爆震波聚焦起爆数值模拟

对三种带不同结构形式的环形预爆管的爆震发生器进行了数值模拟,来研究环形爆震波聚焦起爆现象及其气动特性.数值计算采用多组分理想气体详细的化学反应机理、二维轴对称非定常流动的NavierStokes方程来模拟化学动力学和流体动力学过程.研究发现用低的点火能量对环形预爆管中的燃料和氧化剂点火产生层流火焰,层流火焰在狭窄管壁的...     

Residual Strength of Stiffened LY12CZ Aluminum Alloy Panels with Widespread Fatigue Damage

Experimental and analytical investigations on the residual strength of the stiffened LY12CZ aluminum alloy panels with widespread fatigue damage （WFD） are conducted. Nine stiffened LY12CZ aluminum alloy panels with three different types of damage are tested for residual strength. Each specimen is pre-cracked at rivet holes by saw cuts and subjected to a monotonically increasing tensile load until failure is occurred and the failure load is recorded. The stress intensity factors at the tips of the lead crack and the adjacent WFD cracks of the stiffened aluminum alloy panels are calculated by compounding approach and finite element method （FEM） respectively. The residual strength of the stiffened panels with WFD is evaluated by the engineering method with plastic zone linkup criterion and the FEM with apparent fracture toughness criterion respectively. The predicted residual strength agrees well with the experiment results. It indicates that in engineering practice these methods can be used for residual strength evaluation with the acceptable accuracy. It can be seen from this research that WFD can significantly reduce the residual strength and the critical crack length of the stiffened panels with WFD. The effect of WFD crack length on residual strength is also studied.     

Cutting force prediction for circular end milling process

A deduced cutting force prediction model for circular end milling process is presented in this paper. Traditional researches on cutting force model usually focus on linear milling process which does not meet other cutting conditions, especially for circular milling process. This paper presents an improved cutting force model for circular end milling process based on the typical linear milling force model. The curvature effects of tool path on chip thickness as well as entry and exit angles are analyzed, and the cutting force model of linear milling process is then corrected to fit circular end milling processes. Instantaneous cutting forces during circular end milling process are predicted according to the proposed model. The deduced cutting force model can be used for both linear and circular end milling processes. Finally, circular end milling experiments with constant and variable radial depth were carried out to verify the availability of the proposed method. Experiment results show that measured results and simulated results corresponds well with each other.