测量管内沸腾汽液两相流动沿程“流型”的新方法

本文根据管内沸腾汽液两相流动沿程“流型”不断变化的特点,提出用移动式电导探针对沿全流程的“流型”进行测量,实验结果证明这种方法是可行的,且与计算结果相当吻合。并整理得出环状流起始点计算的经验公式。此方法可用于其他管内汽液两相流动的“流型”测量。     

硬式空中加油机发展趋势及设计技术分析

空中加油技术在一定程度上体现了一国空军实力,该技术一直受到广泛关注。本文综述了硬式空中 加油机的发展情况,提出了硬式空中加油机的划代概念。结合五代空中加油机的特点和性能,给出硬式空中加油机的主要技术特征,指出硬式空中加油技术的发展趋势,总结出硬式加油装置研究的总体布局设计技术、结构和机构设计技术、控制系统设计技术等关键技术,为未来装备变革提供技术支撑。     

Evaluation and utilization of CloudSat and CALIPSO data to analyze the impact of dust aerosol on the microphysical properties of cirrus over the Tibetan Plateau

The present study elucidates on the evaluation of two versions (V3 and V4.10) of vertical feature mask (VFM) and aerosol sub-types data derived from the Cloud-Aerosol LiDAR and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), and its utilization to analyze the impact of dust aerosol on the microphysical properties of cirrus over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In conjunction to the CALIPSO, we have also used the CloudSat data to study the same during the summer season for the years 2007–2010 over the study area 25–40°N and 75–100°E. Compared to V3 of CALIPSO, V4.10 was found to have undergone substantial changes in the code, algorithm, and data products. Intercomparison of both versions of data products in the selected grid between 30–31°N and 83–84°E within the study area during 2007–2017 revealed that the VFM and aerosol sub-types are in good agreement of ～95.27% and ～82.80%, respectively. Dusty cirrus is defined as the clouds mixed with dust aerosols or existing in dust aerosol conditions, while the pure cirrus is that in a dust-free environment. The obtained results illustrated that the various microphysical properties of cirrus, namely ice water content (IWC), ice water path (IWP), ice distribution width (IDW), ice effective radius (IER), and ice number concentration (INC) noticed a decrease of 17%, 18%, 4%, 19%, and 10%, respectively due to the existence of dust aerosol, consistent with the classical “Twomey effect” for liquid clouds. Moreover, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) showed moderate negative correlations between ?0.4 and ?0.6 with the microphysical characteristics of cirrus. As our future studies, in addition to the present work undertaken, we planned to gain knowledge and interested to explore the impact of a variety of aerosols apart from the dust aerosol on the microphysical properties of cirrus in different regions of China.     

Autonomous space target tracking through state estimation techniques via ground-based passive optical telescope

The presence of operational satellites or small-body space debris is a challenge for autonomous ground-based space object observation. Although most space objects exceeding 10?cm in diameter have been cataloged, the position of each space object (based on six orbital parameters) remains important and should be updated periodically, as the Earth’s orbital perturbations cause disturbances. Modern ground-based passive optical telescopes equipped with complementary metal-oxide semiconductors have become widely used in astrometry engineering, being combined with image processing techniques for target signal enhancement. However, the detection and tracking performance of this equipment when employed with image processing techniques primarily depends on the size and brightness of the space target, which appears on the monitor screen under variable background interference conditions. A small and dim target has a highly sensitive tracking error compared to a bright target. Moreover, most image processing techniques for target signal enhancement require large computational power and memory; therefore, automatic tracking of a space target is difficult. The present work investigates autonomous space target detection and tracking to achieve high-sensitivity detection and improved tracking ability for non-Gaussian and dynamic backgrounds with a simple system mechanism and computational efficiency. We develop an improved particle filter (PF) using the ensemble Kalman filter (KF) for track-before-detect (TBD) frameworks, by modifying and optimizing the computational formula for our non-linear measurement function. We call this extended version the “ensemble Kalman PF-TBD (EnKPF-TBD).” Three sequential astronomical image datasets taken by the Asia-Pacific Ground-Based Optical Space Objects Observation System (APOSOS) telescope under different conditions are used to evaluate three proposed TBD baseline frameworks. Given an optimal random sample size, the EnKPF-TBD exhibits superior performance to PF-TBD and threshold-based unscented KF with two-dimensional peak search (2dPS). The EnKPF-TBD scheme achieves satisfactory performance for all variable background interference conditions, especially for a small and dim space target, in terms of tracking accuracy and computational efficiency.     

基于CCSDS的低码率图像压缩优化算法

为了提高空间数据系统咨询委员会（CCSDS）采用的图像压缩算法的编码效率,提出了一种二维预测模型。通过利用图像像素之间的空间相关性对直流系数的预测模式及其熵编码算法进行改进和优化,该算法在有效地提高了直流系数的压缩比的同时,也增强了其抗误码性能。试验结果表明,该算法在低码率条件下能获得更好的图像编码质量,与CCSDS原有算法相比,峰值信噪比值提高了0.1~0.3dB。算法可极大地满足星载图像压缩数据在低码率下传输的要求。     

功率组件基于等离子清洗的免钎剂真空软钎焊技术

为解决功率电子产品中陶瓷电路板与热沉载体功率组件焊接效率低、空洞率高等问题,对焊接过程中的焊料类型,真空度以及空洞率进行了研究,提出了一种新的免钎剂真空焊接方法。研究结果表明,使用等离子清洗的焊片可显著提高抽真空速率,并减少气泡,降低空洞率;采用新焊接方法得到的试样空洞率低、焊接效率高、质量一致性好,可用于高可靠性功率电子产品中。     

发动机阀座组件软钎焊工艺研究

研究了某型号发动机阀座组件的软钎焊制造工艺难题,并针对LF6阀座LD10法兰盘与00Cr17Ni14Mo2波纹管钎焊试验过程进行分析,最终确定了影响阀座组件钎焊质量的生产工艺机理。创新改进、优化控制后,突破了生产技术制造瓶颈,使产品合格率大幅度提高,保证了高密度发射批产的需求。     

波音737-200双发涡扇短程运输机

波音737-200是美国波音公司为满足当时短程航线的需要而研制的双发涡扇短程运输机。该机能在未经铺筑的跑道或砂石跑道上起落。主要措施为:在前轮处装上碎石偏转挡板;主起落架两轮之间装上挡板保护导管与减震支柱;在进气口前下方安装一根喷气管,向下喷出从压气机引出的高压空气以破坏地面涡流,防止小石子被吸进发动机。     

细缝裁减和非均匀映射结合的图像自适应方法

采用将细缝裁减和非均匀映射相结合的图像尺寸自适应框架,提出了一种基于内容的图像重要信息变形的度量方法.首先提取原始图像的重要性像素点,利用细缝裁减去掉一条像素细缝后,相应的重要性像素点会被更新.对于图像中保留的重要性像素点,计算它们的子图像平均偏差(ADSI,Average Difference of Sub Images);对于被移除的重要性像素点,计算它们的平均丢失能量(ALE,Average Lost Energy).通过ADSI和ALE可计算出重要信息变形的度量函数(IIDF,Important Information Deformation Function)的值,通过分析IIDF的趋势得到细缝裁减的终止条件,然后改用非均匀映射方法(non-homogeneous warping)将图像自适应到目标尺寸.实验结果证明,新方法处理的结果图像重要区域变形较小,并且计算效率比较高.     

使用Gao-Yong湍流方程计算翼体角偶流动

Gao-Yong湍流方程基于侧偏统计平均方法保留了湍流脉动量的一阶统计信息,并引入加权漂移速度对称性及正交各向异性,导出漂移流连续方程、动量方程和机械能方程,最后依据湍流物理的唯象论,使用动量传输链概念模化封闭了整个方程组.大量算例验证了此方程对广泛范围的复杂湍流问题的适定性.为了进一步的工程应用,将其加入开源计算流体力学软件OpenFOAM(Open Field Operation and Manipulation)中,并就翼体角偶流动进行了数值模拟.翼体角偶流动具有三维分离、马蹄涡等十分复杂的流动特征,通过与实验测量结果的对比研究表明,Gao-Yong湍流方程不论在定性还是定量上,都成功捕捉到这类复杂流动现象的主要特征,得到了令人满意的结果.