各向异性板料成形极限面的研究

成形极限曲线(FLD)是表示板料成形性能的重要指标。由于板料各向异性的存在,导致了使用1条FLD来表示板料整个面内的成形极限存在很大误差。通过试验分析了板料面内的各向异性对板料应力和应变成形极限曲线的影响,研究了利用三维空间的成形极限曲面代替二维坐标下的FLD来表示材料整个面内的成形极限的方法,经过分析认为板料成形极限面可以为板料成形有限元仿真提供更准确的成形极限判据。     

膨胀剂对混凝土变形性能的影响

膨胀剂在我国被广泛地应用于补偿大体积混凝土收缩。不同品种的膨胀剂对混凝土的补偿收缩效果有所不同。氧化钙类和硫铝酸钙类(AF t)可补偿混凝土的早期收缩,但分别在28和60 d后仍会出现后期收缩现象。水泥品种、养护条件对膨胀剂的膨胀效果有不同的影响。掺氧化镁类膨胀剂的混凝土没有出现后期收缩现象,比较适合水工大体积混凝土。在做好基础混凝土温度控制的同时,选择适宜品种的膨胀剂,可有效地控制混凝土的变形,减少收缩开裂,提高混凝土的结构耐久性能和建筑物的质量。     

基于机体振动的直升机桨毂阻尼故障诊断

研究了仅用机体振动信号诊断旋翼减摆器阻尼失效、轴向铰卡涩和水平铰卡涩3种桨毂阻尼故障的可行性。在旋翼试验台上分别设置上述3种阻尼故障,测取机体振动响应,利用快速傅立叶变换分析其频谱特征。分析表明,3种阻尼故障引起的机体振动谱图互不相同。采用概率神经网络实现了3种阻尼故障的正确分类。研究表明,仅用机体振动响应实现旋翼阻尼故障诊断是可行的。     

A variational Bayesian-based robust adaptive filtering for precise point positioning using undifferenced and uncombined observations

In the application of precise point positioning (PPP), especially in the dynamic mode, the classical Kalman filter (KF) usually produces a large number of estimation errors or diverges when there are gross errors in the observation data or unexpected turbulences occur in target motion state or both of them. For such problem, a variational Bayesian (VB)-based robust adaptive Kalman filtering (VB-RAKF) is proposed in this paper. This filter introduces a classification robust equivalent weight function to resist observation gross error and the inverse Wishart prior to model inaccurate process noise covariance matrix (PNCM). To improve the instantaneous accuracy of state estimation, the VB approach is used to obtain better estimations of inaccurate PNCM. Several sets of observation data collected by IGS reference stations and vehicles are employed to check the robustness and positioning accuracy of the VB-RAKF model. The results show that the VB-RAKF algorithm is more robust than the KF, and can effectively resist the gross error in observation data and control state disturbance. In the IGS reference station tests, when compared to the KF, the static positioning accuracies of the VB-RAKF in the north, east and up directions are improved by 13%, 8% and 22%, respectively, and the simulated dynamic positioning accuracies of the VB-RAKF in the north, east and up directions are improved by 19%, 9% and 21%, respectively. The in-vehicle dynamic test verifies that the VB-RAKF outperforms the KF, and shows that the VB-RAKF has better performance than the KF when dealing with observation data which has obvious gross errors, and similar performance as the KF when gross errors are small.     

An improved real-time cycle slip correction algorithm based on Doppler-aided signals for BDS triple-frequency measurements

Doppler, which is an instantaneous GNSS observable signal, has been proven effective in determining velocity and acceleration due to its high availability and accuracy. We propose a real-time triple-frequency cycle slip correction (CSC) method based on Doppler-aided signals because Doppler shift is time-independent and immune to cycle slips. When the sampling interval is less than 1 s, cycle slips on triple-frequency can be detected and repaired using pure Doppler data with high reliability; however, this method cannot be used when the sampling interval exceeds 1 s because the integral cumulative error of Doppler increases significantly. For such cases, a modified triple-frequency CSC approach has been developed based on the raw phase and smoothed code data that was refined using the Doppler signal. To suppress the effect of the integral Doppler error, a balance factor is introduced to adjust the contributions of the raw code and Doppler observables. After the refinement of the GNSS data, three independent combinations need be selected to detect and repair cycle slips with triple-frequency observations. Four constrained criteria have been proposed to select optimal combinations that can reduce the residual ionospheric delay (RID) and measurement noise to a low level. Finally, experiments were carried out to test the performance of the new method using real triple-frequency BDS observations (GPST: 3:15:00–5:55:00, March 23, 2018). The results show that pure Doppler can detect and repair cycle slips effectively with small intervals, and modified Hatch-Melbourne-Wübbena (HMW) method based on Doppler-aided signals can achieve 99.7% success rate in cycle slip correction with large intervals (up to 30 s).     

Performance assessment of real-time multi-GNSS integrated PPP with uncombined and ionospheric-free combined observables

For precise position services, the real-time precise point positioning (PPP) is a promising technology. The real-time PPP performance is expected to be improved by multi-system combination. The performance of real-time multi-system PPP needs to be periodically investigated, with the increasing number of available satellites and the continuously improved quality of real-time precise products of satellite clocks and orbits. In this study, a comprehensive performance assessment is conducted for the four-system integrated real-time PPP (FSIRT-PPP) with GPS, BDS, Galileo and GLONASS in both static and kinematic modes. The datasets from 118 stations spanning approximately a month are used for analysis, and the real-time stream CLK93 is employed. The superior performance of FSIRT-PPP is validated by comparing with the results of GPS/BDS, GPS/Galileo, GPS/GLONASS, GPS-only, BDS-only, Galileo-only and GLONASS-only cases. The FSIRT-PPP using ionospheric-free (IF) combined observables can achieve a convergence time of 10.9, 4.8 and 11.8 min and a positioning accuracy of 0.4, 0.5 and 0.7 cm in the static mode in the east, north and up directions, respectively, while the derived statistic is 15.4, 7.0 and 16.4 min, and 1.6, 1.2 and 3.4 cm in the kinematic mode in the three directions, respectively. Moreover, we also compare the position solutions of real-time PPP adopting IF combined and uncombined (UC) observables, and prove the mathematical equivalence between the two PPP models in the converged stage, provided that there are no external ionospheric corrections or constraints given to the estimated ionospheric delays in the UC model. The difference between the fully converged positioning accuracy of IF-based and UC-based real-time PPP is marginal, but the UC-based real-time PPP has longer convergence time due to the influence of the significant unmodeled time-varying errors in the real-time precise products as well as the different parameterization between them. For completeness, the real-time kinematic PPP results in harsh environments and the post-processed PPP results are also presented.     

Parameter optimization of controllable local degree of freedom for reducing vibration of flexible manipulator

 Parameter optimization of the controllable local degree of freedom is studied for reducing vibration of the flexible manipulator at the lowest possible cost. The controllable local degrees of freedom are suggested and introduced to the topological structure of the flexible manipulator, and used as an effective way to alleviate vibration through dynamic coupling. Parameters introduced by the controllable local degrees of freedom are analyzed and their influences on vibration reduction are investigated. A strategy to optimize these parameters is put forward and the corresponding optimization method is suggested based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Simulations are conducted and results of case studies confirm that the proposed optimization method is effective in reducing vibration of the flexible manipulator at the lowest possible cost.     

Numerical investigation on jet interaction with a compression ramp

A numerical investigation on jet interaction in supersonic laminar flow with a compres- sion ramp is performed utilizing the AUSMDV scheme and a parallel solver. Several parameters dominating the interference flowfield are studied after defining the relative increment of normal force and the jet amplification factor as the evaluation criterion of jet control performance. The computational results show that most features of the interaction flowfield between the transverse jet and the ramp are similar to those between a jet and a flat plate, except that the flow structures are more complicated and the low-pressure region behind the jet is less extensive. The relative force increment and the jet amplification factor both increase with the distance between the jet and the ramp shortening till quintuple jet diameters. Inconspicuous difference is observed between the jet-before-ramp and jet-on-ramp cases. The variation of the injection angle changes the extent of the separation region, the plateau pressure, and the peak pressure near the jet. In the present computational conditions, 120 is indicated relatively optimal among all the injection angles studied. For cold gas simulations, although little influence of the jet temperature on the pressure distribution near the jet is observed under the computation model and the flow parameters studied, reducing jet temperature somehow benefits the improvement of the normal force and the jet efficiency. When the pressure ratio of jet to freestream is fixed, the relative force increment varies little when increasing the freestream Mach number, while the jet amplification factor increases.     

高压压气机径向间隙分析

针对航空发动机高压压气机,综合考虑气动载荷、离心力载荷、温度载荷耦合作用,建立了压气机径向间隙分析模型,获得了3个典型工况下的流场特征以及叶片的变形、应力分布,高压压气机转子叶尖径向间隙沿轴向变化的分布规律以及轴流压气机转子与机匣的间隙范围.计算结果显示在设计点和转速最高点,斜流压气机转子叶尖与机匣发生碰磨,与试验结果一致,验证了计算方法的正确性,也为建立合理有效的压气机径向间隙分析方法提供了思路.