Research on failure criterion of composite based on unified macro- and micro-mechanical model

A new unified macro- and micro-mechanics failure analysis method for composite structures was developed in order to take the effects of composite micro structure into consideration. In this method, the macro stress distribution of composite structure was calculated by commercial finite element analysis software. According to the macro stress distribution, the damage point was searched and the micro-stress distribution was calculated by reformulated finite-volume direct averaging micromechanics (FVDAM), which was a multi-scale finite element method for composite. The micro structure failure modes were estimated with the failure strength of constituents. A unidirectional composite plate with a circular hole in the center under two kinds of loads was analyzed with the traditional macro-mechanical failure analysis method and the unified macro- and micro-mechanics failure analysis method. The results obtained by the two methods are consistent, which show this new method’s accuracy and efficiency.     

通气位置对潜射航行体流体动力特性影响分析

基于均质平衡流理论,通过求解混合介质的RANS方程、SST湍流输运方程和各相之间的质量输运方程,开展了通气位置对潜射航行体流体动力特性影响的三维数值模拟研究,对比分析了不同通气位置条件下空泡形态特性、表面压力分布以及阻力变化特性.结果表明:当两个通气口间距增加到一定值后,在两个通气口之间区域空泡发生断裂,在断裂区域迎流面和背流面表面压力值升高,且在空泡断裂闭合位置出现压力峰值;在相同通气量条件下,随着通气口间距的增大,压差阻力系数和粘性阻力系数均呈减小趋势变化.     

The microbial habitability of weathered volcanic glass inferred from continuous sensing techniques

Basaltic glasses (hyaloclastite) are a widespread habitat for life in volcanic environments, yet their interior physical conditions are poorly characterized. We investigated the characteristics of exposed weathered basaltic glass from a surface outcrop in Iceland, using microprobes capable of continuous sensing, to determine whether the physical conditions in the rock interior are hospitable to microbial life. The material provided thermal protection from freeze-thaw and rapid temperature fluctuations, similar to data reported for other rock types. Water activity experiments showed that at moisture contents less than 13% wet weight, the glass and its weathering product, palagonite, had a water activity below levels suitable for bacterial growth. In pore spaces, however, these higher moisture conditions might be maintained for many days after a precipitation event. Gas exchange between the rock interior and exterior was rapid (< 10 min) when the rocks were dry, but when saturated with water, equilibration took many hours. During this period, we demonstrated the potential for low oxygen conditions within the rock caused by respiratory stimulation of the heterotrophic community within. These conditions might exist within subglacial environments during the formation of the rocks or in micro-environments in the interior of exposed rocks. The experiments showed that microbial communities at the site studied here could potentially be active for 39% of the year, if the depth of the community within the outcrop maintains a balance between access to liquid water and adequate protection from freezing. In the absence of precipitation, the interior of weathered basaltic glass is an extreme and life-limiting environment for microorganisms on Earth and other planets.     

薄壁铸件基准面加工工装改进

针对薄壁铸件精基准面机械加工精度低、变形大的问题,分析了工装改进的原因,对工装的主要结构进行了改进,并以实例辅助说明,改进后的工装应用效果良好。     

含缺陷结构非概率可靠性分析方法研究

将基于分段描述的结构非概率可靠性模型引入含缺陷结构的可靠性分析,结合断裂判据,并用分段描述模型刻画未确知变量,实现了非概率的断裂力学分析,克服了概率断裂力学方法对原始数据要求高的局限和未确知信息区间均匀分布模型过于保守的缺陷,有效解决了含裂纹结构在小样本、贫信息场合的可靠性评定问题.通过算例,对文中方法的可行性和有效性...     

卫星遥感影像外方位元素的误差传播研究

高分辨率卫星遥感影像的几何定位精度与影像外方位元素精度密切相关.文章针对单景影像直接对地定位和立体影像前方交会定位两种典型情况,对影像各外方位元素在目标几何定位中的误差传播规律进行分析比较,相关结论可供卫星姿控及相机载荷设计方参考.     

MTF对立体测绘高程精度影响研究

MTF（调制传递函数）是反映测绘相机性能的重要指标,研究MTF对测绘高程精度的影响可以对相机的设计指标提出要求,对提高测绘精度具有极其重要的意义。文章通过计算机仿真的方法进行研究,利用3DStudioMax软件构建三维模型与模拟成像、用Harris算子提取图像特征点,并用奇异值分解与最小二乘法进行特征点的匹配,通过前方...     

同步轨道遥感器热设计和热分析

为解决遥感器在同步轨道环境温度场分析中热传导与热辐射的综合处理问题,热传导模型温度计算采用控制容积方法建立有限差分方程;热辐射模型采用奥本海姆方法计算设备表面单元之间辐射换热;根据是否被遮挡,辐射换热中表面单元角系数的计算分别采用积分和数值方法。计算结果表明,采用上述方法进行温度场分析能够有效解决热传导模型与热辐射模型的耦合,求解精度较高,遥感器设备部件稳态分析温度分布和在轨瞬态分析温度曲线变化清楚,可作为进一步精密热控设计的依据。     

大型民机起落架控制系统技术发展

在我国实施大飞机计划之际,本文对波音和空客飞机起落架控制系统的技术发展进行了分析,提出了国产大型民机起落架控制系统的方案构想.     

一种AMR磁罗盘的误差建模与校准方法

针对传统磁罗盘硬磁校准时容易受到外界干扰,标定校准为相对值的问题,详细分析了AMR(Anisotropic Magneto Resistance,各向异性磁阻效应)磁罗盘的系统误差并建立其误差模型,提出了标量校准方法用于磁罗盘的硬磁标定校准.与传统方法相比,该方法不需要确切的航向参考值,利用任意多位置下的大量测试数据通过迭代求取校准参数的最优解,通过施加约束避免校准过程中磁干扰的影响,并且校准值为绝对矢量.经过硬磁校准,磁罗盘航向精度提高7倍.实验结果验证了该方法的有效性和实用性.