Simulation analysis for effects of bone loss on acceleration tolerance of human lumbar vertebra

The purpose of the present study was to analyze and predict the changes in acceleration tolerance of human vertebra as a result of bone loss caused by long-term space flight. A human L3–L4 vertebra FEM model was constructed, in which the cancellous bone was separated, and surrounding ligaments were also taken into account. The simulation results demonstrated that bone loss has more of an effect on the acceleration tolerance in x-direction. The results serve to aid in the creation of new acceleration tolerance standards, ensuring astronauts return home safely after long-term space flight. This study shows that more attention should be focused on the bone degradation of crew members and to create new protective designs for space capsules in the future.     

Predicting performance in manually controlled rendezvous and docking through spatial abilities

Manually controlled rendezvous and docking (manual RVD) is a challenging space task for astronauts. This study aims to identify spatial abilities that are critical for accomplishing manual RVD. Based on task analysis, spatial abilities were deduced to be critical for accomplishing manual RVD. 15 Male participants performed manual RVD task simulations and spatial ability tests (the object-manipulation spatial ability and spatial orientation ability). Participants’ performance in the test of visualization of viewpoints (which measures the spatial orientation ability) was found to be significantly correlated with their manual RVD performance, indicating that the spatial orientation ability in the sense of perspective taking is particularly important for accomplishing manual RVD.     

The Kumtag meteorite strewn field

The Kumtag meteorite strewn field was found in the Kumtag desert, 132 km south of Hami city in the Xinjiang province, China. It is an ellipse of 2.5 × 7.9 km, with a long axis extending along the northeast-southwest direction. The largest individual meteorite of the strewn field weighs about 10 kg; the smallest individual has a mass of only 27 g. In total, more than 100 individuals with a total mass of more than 180 kg were collected. The location and the distribution of the fragments suggest that the Kumtag meteoroid entered the atmosphere in the direction Northeast-Southwest. All meteorites collected in this strewn field are samples from the same unique meteorite shower. The Kumtag meteorite is an H5 ordinary chondrite with a shock stage S2, and a weathering grade W2. The cosmic ray exposure age of Kumtag is 6.7 ± 0.8 Ma, which is rather typical for H chondrites and which indicates that Kumtag was derived from the massive impact event on its parent body ~7 Ma ago. A significant amount of He has been lost during certain unknown processe(s) before the Kumtag meteorite was ejected from its parent body.     

Orbit determination and prediction of GEO satellite of BeiDou during repositioning maneuver

In order to establish a continuous GEO satellite orbit during repositioning maneuvers, a suitable maneuver force model has been established associated with an optimal orbit determination method and strategy. A continuous increasing acceleration is established by constructing a constant force that is equivalent to the pulse force, with the mass of the satellite decreasing throughout maneuver. This acceleration can be added to other accelerations, such as solar radiation, to obtain the continuous acceleration of the satellite. The orbit determination method and strategy are illuminated, with subsequent assessment of the orbit being determined and predicted accordingly. The orbit of the GEO satellite during repositioning maneuver can be determined and predicted by using C-Band pseudo-range observations of the BeiDou GEO satellite with COSPAR ID 2010-001A in 2011 and 2012. The results indicate that observations before maneuver do affect orbit determination and prediction, and should therefore be selected appropriately. A more precise orbit and prediction can be obtained compared to common short arc methods when observations starting 1 day prior the maneuver and 2 h after the maneuver are adopted in POD (Precise Orbit Determination). The achieved URE (User Range Error) under non-consideration of satellite clock errors is better than 2 m within the first 2 h after maneuver, and less than 3 m for further 2 h of orbit prediction.     

俄罗斯材料及热工艺标准中的安全性要求

过对大量俄罗斯航空材料与热工艺标准所做的分析,得出了他们十分重视安全性问题的结论。总结归纳了俄标中所列举的危险性来源,对主要不安全因素的控制要求和措施。说明了重视安全性问题是事关实现“可持续发展”战略和贯彻ＩＳＯ１４０００ 系列标准的重大问题。建议我们在制定有关国军标、航标时也应将安全性要求包括进去。     

空气系统不干性密封腻子的标准化

密封剂是施放在武器装备结构组件缝隙处的一种十分常用的非金属材料。ＧＪＢ２８９７－９７《空气系统不干性密封腻子及其腻子布规范》是集俄罗斯及西方国家有关标准（如ＭＩＬ标准）之所长,结合我国多年来研究及使用经验而编制的。本标准对密封腻子规定了两种分类方式,６项有关工艺和使用性能方面的技术指标;着重规定了腻子对有机玻璃银纹影响的允许指标及其试验方法。     

实现交互式三维参数化造型的研究

参数化设计方法是当今计算机辅助设计领域的一个热点课题,交互式三维参数化造型可以在原有模型的基础上,快速而方便地生成新的设计方案,大大提高了设计效率。本文所讨论的是通过引入特征的约束关系,利用现有的实体几何造型系统来实现交互式的三维参数化造型的方法。     

现代对策论研究

对策论是研究斗争局势中冲突问题的数学理论,笔者长期以来在此领域进行了大量的研究探讨,本文概要介绍了主要工作。     

基于实验复模态参数的有限元模型修正

提出了一种利用非完备实验复模态参数,修正带有非比例阻尼矩阵结构有限元模型的迭代修正方法。首先,对处理困难的阻尼矩阵表达为质量与刚度矩阵的多项式组合,并给出了物理解释,被修正参数为该多项式的系数和结构的某些局部几何、材料参数,其修正结构物理意义明确,与结构的动态设计相适应,实例表明了本文修正方法的有效性。     

论航天器的热试验

论述了各种类型热试验 （热平衡试验、热真空试验、热循环试验） 在航天器研制中的重要性及它们的做法要点。针对当前试验中出现的问题, 强调了组件级, 尤其是电子电工产品热试验 （热真空试验及热循环试验） 和整星级发射星热真空试验对提高航天器可靠性所起的重要作用, 并提出了相应的建议。