稳定苯乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯细乳液的制备

以十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）作乳化剂,不同链长的脂肪烃或脂肪醇作共乳化剂,分别用搅拌和超声乳化方法制备一系列苯乙烯（St)／丙烯酸丁酯（BA）细乳液,测定细乳液稳定性的结构表明,SDS／十六烷（HDE）的乳化效果最佳,HDE先与单体混合结构超声波制备的细乳液最稳定,乳化剂,共乳化剂的种类和沈度,乳化温度,超声时间等对细乳液的稳定性均有影响。     

挤压油膜阻尼器失效的判据

 挤压油膜阻尼器(简称SFD)设计不当,会导致功能失效.对弹支-挤压油膜阻尼器来说,失效有2种形式:一是过不了临界,即转子系统的振幅随转速的上升而一直增大;二是出现双稳态特性.2帧失效判据图已经作出:一是双稳态区域图,只要轴承参数和质量偏心率数组不选在双稳态区域内,便不致产生双稳态特性;二是减振失效边界图,只要前述数据组不在失效边界的一侧,便不致产生过不了临界的现象.经实验证明,上述结论从正反2个方面看都是正确的.实验也进一步确认了挤压油膜阻尼器优越的减振功能.     

A new stationary droplet evaporation model and its validation

The liquid droplet evaporation character is important for not only combustion chamber design process but also high-accuracy spray combustion simulation.In this paper,the suspended droplets' evaporation character was measured in a quiescent high-temperature environment by micro high-speed camera system.The gasoline and kerosene experimental results are consistent with the reference data.Methanol,common kerosene and aviation kerosene droplet evaporation characteristics,as well as their evaporation rate changing with temperature,were obtained.The evaporation rate experimental data were compared with the prediction result of Ranz-Marshall boiling temperature model (RMB),Ranz-Marshall low-temperature model (RML),drift flux model (DFM),mass analogy model (MAM),and stagnant film model (SFM).The disparity between the experimental data and the model prediction results was mainly caused by the neglect of the nat ural convection effect,which was never introduced into the droplet evaporation concept.A new droplet evaporation model with consideration of natural convection buoyancy force effect was proposed in this paper.Under the experimental conditions in this paper,the calculation results of the new droplet evaporation model were agreed with the experimental data for kerosene,methanol and other fuels,with less than 20％ relative deviations.The relative deviations between the new evaporation model predictions for kerosene and the experimental data from the references were within 10％.     

复方金钱草颗粒抑制草酸钙结石形成的化学模拟

本文研究了不同剂量的复方金钱草溶液对草酸钙亚稳溶液中可溶性钙离子浓度的影响,当加入剂量从0 mL增加到35.0 mL时,草酸钙亚稳溶液中钙离子浓度从0.1966 mmol/L增加至0.5564 mmol/L,且草酸钙亚稳溶液中的钙离子浓度与复方金钱草的加入量呈线性关系。而且,随着复方金钱草浓度的增加,一水草酸钙晶体生长抑制指数增大。     

机载设备电磁兼容性设计方法

根据机载电子设备的使用环境和工作性质,分析了机载电磁环境的固有特性,并阐述了具体的电磁兼容性要求;针对机载电子设备的电磁兼容性问题,总结了工程实践巾在研制初期,从电路、印制板、设备内部走线、接地以及屏蔽5个方面相应的经验和方法.     

航天器内环境模拟技术

在载人航天中,航天员的辐射危险性是必须受到重视的问题。航天器的内环境是一个复杂的复合场,受外部辐射场和屏蔽材料等多种因素的影响,单一的探测技术很难探测得到内部辐射场的性质特点,而且无法对辐射危害进行评估。文章从射线与物质相互作用的角度出发,对NASA所用航天器内环境的模拟技术进行了介绍,并介绍了根据我国国情已往开展的相关研究工作,包括在Geant4软件包的基础上,将射线与物质相互作用的处理方法进行扩展,开发新的软件,编制SRP(Space Radiation Protection)程序等。     

深空条件下航天器内的辐射环境研究

深空存在具有各种能量分布的粒子,这些能量分布范围很宽的粒子构成了深空环境下航天器外部的空间辐射环境。深空条件下的高能粒子会穿透航天器舱壁材料,通过射线与物质材料的相互作用,在航天器内产生二次粒子,形成由初级粒子、次级粒子叠加的混合辐射场的辐射环境。文章分析研究了高能α粒子及Fe离子在屏蔽材料中的输运过程,得到了在这些介质中的射程与能量关系及产生的二次粒子产额,为控制航天器内的辐射环境提供支撑。     

扩压叶栅角区-吸力面造型设计及流动控制机理

通过数值模拟,分别针对扩压叶栅的设计工况与角区失速工况进行叶身/端壁融合与吸力面优化造型设计,分析其流场结构与性能的变化,并探究两种优化造型对压气机性能改善的机理。优化结果表明:在设计工况下,优化造型吸力面凹陷,使得吸力面附面层厚度变薄,最大端壁融合位置靠近尾缘,角区低能流体在压力梯度的作用下转移并减少,分离结构得到明显控制,损失降低;在角区失速工况下,优化造型吸力面凸起,最大端壁融合位置靠近前缘,使得前缘分离结构显著减弱,当流体在进入吸力面前缘时提前附着,前缘分离区减小甚至消失,损失降低。根据两种造型流场结构特点与控制机理,可构造出在多工况下具有显著作用的叶身-端壁融合造型。     

Analysis of the brightness temperature features of the lunar surface using 37 GHz channel data from the Chang'E-2 microwave radiometer

Compared with other remote observations, brightness temperatures (T_B) derived from microwave emission measurements provide a unique means to characterize the physical properties of the lunar surface. Using Chang’E-2 microwave radiometer data, we produced 12 global T_B images of the lunar surface during a diurnal cycle with different local times separated by approximately 2?h. There are two types of remarkable T_B units on the lunar surface, the “hot regions” occurring during the lunar day in the lunar Maria regions and the “microwave cold spots” occurring during the nighttime typically related to young craters. Compared with their surroundings, the hot regions are much warmer during the lunar day and slightly colder at night, while the microwave cold spots are much colder during the lunar night and slightly warmer in the daytime. Moreover, the T_B heating and cooling rates of these two units are larger than others at the same average latitude where they are located during the lunar day, especially after sunrise and before sunset. The hot regions have a good agreement with the mare regions with high TiO₂ abundance. Besides, brightness temperatures in the lunar Maria correlate closely with their TiO₂ abundance. For most microwave cold spots, they agree with the young craters, and their brightness temperature distributions have a significant negative correlation with the lunar surface nighttime temperature and rock abundance.     

基于矢量观测的航天器分段信息融合定姿方法

针对基于MEMS(微机电系统)陀螺和CMOS APS星敏感器的集成惯性/星光姿态确定系统的低精度特点,研究了适用于该定姿系统的基于矢量观测的定姿算法.对于陀螺/星敏感器这种配置模式,有EKF(Extended Kalman Filter)、QUEST、最优REQUEST等几种适用的定姿算法.针对EKF和最优REQUEST算法的不同特点并结合确定性算法QUEST,以四元数为姿态参数,将姿态估计的EKF方法分别与QUEST算法和最优REQUEST算法进行了融合,提出一种分段信息融合的姿态估计器:陀螺漂移估计误差较大时,将EKF与QUEST结合,快速估计出陀螺漂移.当陀螺漂移误差减小到一定程度,再切换为EKF与最优REQUEST算法融合的双重滤波器.仿真比较结果表明,这种分段信息融合的姿态估计器既可以估计姿态参数也可以估计陀螺漂移,并能达到很高的定姿精度.