瞬态测温传感技术研究进展

随着科学和经济的发展,温度测量技术被越来越广泛地研究和应用,各领域对于测量精度和准确度的要求也越来越高。其中,对瞬态温度的获取引起了研究人员的重点关注,快速响应温度传感器也因此成为了研究热点和发展趋势。总结目前瞬态温度传感器的技术研究和领域应用现状,并在此基础上对未来的温度传感器技术发展方向作出展望。     

An Elasto-plastic Damage Constitutive Theory Based on Pair Functional Potentials and Slip Mechanism

 The deformation work rate can be expressed by the time rate of pair functional potentials which describe the energy of mate-rials in terms of atomic bonds and atom embedding interactions. According to Cauchy-Born rule, the relations between the microscopic deformations of atomic bonds and electron gas and macroscopic deformation are established. Further, atomic bonds are grouped according to their directions, and atomic bonds in the same direction are simplified as a spring-bundle component. Atom embedding interactions in unit reference volume are simplified as a cubage component. Consequently, a material model composed of spring-bundle components and a cubage component is established. Since the essence of damage is the decrease and loss of atomic bonding forces, the damage effect can be reflected by the response functions of these two kinds of compo-nents. Formulating the mechanical responses of two kinds of components, the corresponding elasto-damage constitutive equa-tions are derived. Considering that slip is the main plastic deformation mechanism of polycrystalline metals, the slip systems of crystal are extended to polycrystalline, and the slip components are proposed to describe the plastic deformation. Based on the decomposition of deformation gradient and combining the plastic response with the elasto-damage one, the elasto-plastic dam-age constitutive equations are derived. As a result, a material model formulated with spring-bundle components, a cubage component and slip components is established. Different from phenomenological constitutive theories, the mechanical property of materials depends on the property of components rather than that directly obtained on the representative volume element. The effect of finite deformation is taken into account in this model. Parameter calibration procedure and the basic characteris-tics of this model are discussed.     

全状态受限的高超声速飞行器的预定性能滤波反步控制

针对气动参数不确定和状态受限的高超声速飞行器的稳定跟踪控制问题，提出基于固定时间干扰观测器的预定性能滤波反步控制策略。首先，在反步控制的每一步中引入障碍Lyapunov函数，保证系统状态满足预先设定的约束要求。其次，设计固定时间干扰观测器对综合不确定进行估计；同时，构造新型的一阶滤波器避免传统反步控制的"计算爆炸"问题。再次，基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明输出跟踪误差有界且状态满足约束要求。最后，通过对比仿真验证控制策略的有效性。     

Trajectory Planning Algorithm Based on Quaternion for 6-DOF Aircraft Wing Automatic Position and Pose Adjustment Method

 A 6-degree of freedom (6-DOF) aircraft wing position and pose automatic adjustment method is presented to improve ARJ21 wing-fuselage connection precision and efficiency. Wing position and pose are adjusted by three pillars which are driven by six high-precision servo motors. During the adjustment process, wing is tracked and positioned by laser tracker. Wing initial posi-tion and pose are calibrated by using the measurement coordinates of assembly reference points. Wing target position and pose are calculated according to wing initial, fuselage position and pose, and relative position and pose requirements between wing and fuselage for the connection. Combining Newton-Euler method with quaternion position and pose analyzing method, the inverse kinematics of servo motors, together with the adjustment system dynamics is obtained. Wing quintic polynomial trajec-tory planning algorithm based on quaternion is proposed; the initial, target position and pose need to be solved and the inter-mediate moving path is uncertain. Simulation results show that the adjustment method has good dynamic characteristics and satisfies engineering requirements. Preliminary engineering application indicates that ARJ21 wing adjustment efficiency and precision are improved by using the proposed method.     

美国卫星公用平台采办模式研究

基于卫星公用平台的卫星设计、制造理念,以卫星公用平台目录作为重要的采办工具,在当今许多国家的卫星采办项目中得以应用。本文在整理美国卫星公用平台目录建设、管理与应用领域的进展情况基础上,特别是研究分析了美国国家航空航天局下属航天器快速发展办公室(RSDO)的运作情况,探讨了我国航天领域卫星公用平台型谱管理与应用的前景和方向,以及专业咨询机构在采办过程中的作用,为进一步深入实践航天产品工程理论提供了新方法、新模式。     

Expression of estrogen receptor α in human breast cancer cells regulates mitochondrial oxidative stress under simulated microgravity

This study investigated intracellular oxidative stress and its underlying mechanisms in a rotary cell culture system used to achieve a simulated microgravity (SMG) environment. Experiments were conducted with human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (an estrogen receptor (ER) α positive cell line) and MDA-MB-231 (an ERα negative cell line) encapsulated in alginate/collagen carriers. After 48 h, SMG led to oxidative stress and DNA damage in the MDA-MB-231 cells but a significant increase in mitochondrial activity and minimal DNA damage in the MCF-7 cells. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly increased in the MCF-7 cells and decreased in MDA-MB-231 cells in the SMG environment compared with a standard gravity control. Moreover, SMG promoted expression of ERα and protein kinase C (PKC) epsilon in MCF-7 cells treated with PKC inhibitor Gö6983. Overall, exposure to SMG increased mitochondrial activity in ERα positive cells but induced cellular oxidative damage in ERα negative cells. Thus, ERα may play an important role in protecting cells from oxidative stress damage under simulated microgravity.     

整合实力开创未来——本刊总编辑刘柱与瓦尔特集团总裁Peter Witteczek先生对话

德国Walter集团是世界著名的金属切削刀具和刀具数据管理软件系统供应商。它成立于1919年,总部位于德国图宾根市,目前其分支机构及销售网络遍及26个国家和地区。从1926年Walter开始研制硬质合金刀具至今,一直在这一领     

航空发动机顶层设计指标评价方法及软件开发

采用层次分析、熵值、质量功能展开、模糊综合评价等运筹学的基本方法,结合航空发动机行业的技术特点,建立了一套能够量化评估航空发动机的先进性和技术成熟度等顶层设计指标的评价方法,并在C++Builder编译环境下开发了面向对象的评估软件。在民用航空发动机项目中的实际应用表明,方法能够对航空发动机的先进性和技术风险等顶层设计指标进行合理的量化评估,并对航空发动机研发过程中的技术成熟度进行动态跟踪。     

浅析大学生就业心理辅导

就业是大学生人生的重大转折，面对目前不容乐观的就业形势，给大学生带来了很大的思想、心理压力，也使部分大学生产生这样或那样的心理障碍，这既不利于就业，也影响了大学生的工作和学习。通过分析大学生存在的一些就业心理状况，进行合理引导，开展就业心理辅导，使每位大学生都能拥有一个理想的工作岗位。     

关于单叶解析函数一类子族的增长、掩盖定理

本文研究了单叶解析函数的一类子族βα族,令f(z)∈βα且z=0是f(z)-z的k+1阶零点,我们得到了f(z)的较为精细的增长、掩盖定理,所得结论推广了某些已知结果。