论马克思主义观

为了应对体制转轨、社会转型、观念转变的挑战,党在全党乃至全国范围内不断地加强马克思主义理论和社会主义思想道德教育。然而,要使我们的教育既受欢迎又有成效,关键在于我们对马克思主义观的理解和掌握。马克思主义观就是一个对马克思主义总的认识和评价的问题,是对马克思主义理论的品质、精髓和功能等总的看法和态度。     

微重力条件下部分充液贮箱中流体动力学行为的三维计算

简要介绍一个用于常重及微重力环境条件下，计算充液贮箱中非定常流体动力学行为的三维程序，该程序具有多种选择，提供了一个广泛应用的可能。文中亦给出了对充液４０％模型贮箱中非定常流体动力学行为的计算结果，计算是在ＣＲＡＹ－ＸＰ超高速计算机上完成的。     

Shock/shock interactions between bodies and wings

This paper examines the Shock/Shock Interactions (SSI) between the body and wing of aircraft in supersonic flows. The body is simplified to a flat wedge and the wing is assumed to be a sharp wing. The theoretical spatial dimension reduction method, which transforms the 3D problem into a 2D one, is used to analyze the SSI between the body and wing. The temperature and pressure behind the Mach stem induced by the wing and body are obtained, and the wave configurations in the corner are determined. Numerical validations are conducted by solving the inviscid Euler equations in 3D with a Non-oscillatory and Non-free-parameters Dissipative (NND) finite difference scheme. Good agreements between the theoretical and numerical results are obtained. Additionally, the effects of the wedge angle and sweep angle on wave configurations and flow field are considered numerically and theoretically. The influences of wedge angle are significant, whereas the effects of sweep angle on wave configurations are negligible. This paper provides useful information for the design and thermal protection of aircraft in supersonic and hypersonic flows.     

吸收剂颗粒尺寸对吸波材料性能的影响

对最佳的吸收剂颗粒粒度进行数值计算和分析。从趋肤效应和单个磁畴颗粒大小两个角度,以纯铁粉为例对最佳的粒度做了分析,结果表明,对于2~18 GHz的雷达波,铁粉颗粒在16 nm~1μm为好。还分析了利用纳米颗粒的量子尺寸效应来吸收电磁波时颗粒的尺寸范围,计算结果表明,此时颗粒尺寸至少应小于22 nm。     

末敏弹毫米波辐射计波形干扰新方法

末敏弹干扰技术的研究具有重要的军事应用价值。基于毫米波交流辐射计的工作原理和电路响应特性,提出了一种波形诱骗的毫米波有源干扰的新方法。采用毫米波干扰源发射窄频信号产生热源,经辐射计宽带接收和检波后获得宽时信号波形,视频放大器低频电路的微分作用使宽时信号波形失真为正、负脉冲形式的分裂信号,其中负脉冲部分类似末敏弹探测装甲目标的负向脉冲波形,实现模拟冷目标的干扰效果。仿真分析与实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

光纤惯导角度随机游走误差传播特性研究

角度随机游走是光纤陀螺的一个重要技术指标,也是高精度光纤惯导系统的一项重要误差源。为了深入了解角度随机游走误差对系统精度的影响,从统计角度研究了该误差在导航过程中的传播特性。通过将角度随机游走对系统的影响等效为不相关的随机脉冲序列激励下的系统输出,推导了角度随机游走作用下导航误差的理论公式并进行了仿真验证。结果表明,所给出的理论表达式能够很好地描述角度随机游走误差的传播规律。通过解析表达式,可以在任意时间段对任何一只陀螺角度随机游走造成的系统误差进行定量分析,这对于系统性能评估、误差分析和设计工作都具有重要意义。     

Evaluation of MODIS GPP over a complex ecosystem in East Asia: A case study at Gwangneung flux tower in Korea

Moderate Resolution Imaging Radiometer (MODIS) gross primary productivity (GPP) has been used widely to study the global carbon cycle associated with terrestrial ecosystems. The retrieval of the current MODIS productivity with a 1 × 1 km² resolution has limitations when presenting subgrid scale processes in terrestrial ecosystems, specifically when forests are located in mountainous areas, and shows heterogeneity in vegetation type due to intensive land use. Here, we evaluate MODIS GPP (MOD17) at Gwangneung deciduous forest KoFlux tower (deciduous forest; GDK) for 2006–2010 in Korea, where the forests comprise heterogeneous vegetation cover over complex terrain. The monthly MODIS GPP data overestimated the GDK measurements in a range of +15% to +34% and was fairly well correlated (R = 0.88) with the monthly variability at GDK during the growing season. In addition, the MODIS data partly represented the sharp GPP reduction during the Asian summer monsoon (June–September) when intensive precipitation considerably reduces solar radiation and disturbs the forest ecosystem. To examine the influence of subgrid scale heterogeneity on GPP estimates over the MODIS scale, the individual vegetation type and its area within a corresponding MODIS pixel were identified using a national forest type map (∼71-m spatial resolution), and the annual GPP in the same area as the MODIS pixel was estimated. This resulted in a slight reduction in the positive MODIS bias by ∼10%, with a high degree of uncertainty in the estimation. The MODIS discrepancy for GDK suggests further investigation is necessary to determine the MODIS errors associated with the site-specific aerodynamic and hydrological characteristics that are closely related to the mountainous topography. The accuracy of meteorological variables and the impact of the very cloudy conditions in East Asia also need to be assessed.     

含扩张状态观测器的高超声速飞行器动态面姿态控制

针对高超声速飞行器复杂非线性、高不确定性和强通道耦合等特点,提出了一种飞行器姿态控制的非线性设计方法。根据高超声速飞行器无动力飞行的姿态运动方程组,给出一个可面向姿态控制的非线性设计模型。针对一类非线性系统,提出了一种基于扩张状态观测器（ESO）的动态逆设计方法,并通过动态面控制理论,将其应用于高超声速飞行器的三通道姿态控制中。仿真结果表明,相比基于传统动态逆的动态面控制方案,本文所提出的控制方案可以保证飞行器快速、精确地跟踪角位置指令,并且具备针对系统不确定性的强鲁棒性能。     

微小卫星三轴稳定磁控算法工程应用

为降低微小卫星的成本和提高卫星可靠性,研究采用磁力矩器作为唯一执行机构对卫星进行三轴姿态稳定的问题。利用线性二次型调节器（LinearQuadraticRegulator,LQR）最优控制理论分别设计无限时间状态调节器和定常增益状态调节器,实现纯磁控下的微小卫星对地三轴稳定控制。同时结合卫星实际工程应用,以在轨飞行的“开拓一号”卫星为研究对象,分析卫星惯量积、轨道倾角、剩磁干扰、气动干扰等因素对控制精度的影响。仿真结果表明LQR控制器具有稳定性和实用性,在小干扰情况下,控制精度较高。