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191.
Investigation of corona initiation voltage at reduced pressures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Karady G.G. Sirkis M.D. Li Liu 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1994,30(1):144-150
The results of an experimental study of the 60 Hz ac corona inception voltage at reduced pressures for a cylindrical conductor and a parallel ground plane are presented. Several spacings and bare and insulated conductors of several diameters are considered. Empirical expressions from which a reasonably accurate prediction of the corona inception voltage (CIV) may be made have been inferred from experimental data 相似文献
192.
We discuss mass loss relations for OB-type stars as a function of luminosity, effective temperature, and mass. We conclude that a simple first order linear regression relation is as good as any other more sophisticated relation, with the advantage that the simple form consumes much less computer time when used in evolutionary codes. 相似文献
193.
Light scattering in planetary atmospheres 总被引:45,自引:0,他引:45
This paper reviews scattering theory required for analysis of light reflected by planetary atmospheres. Section 1 defines the radiative quantities which are observed. Section 2 demonstrates the dependence of single-scattered radiation on the physical properties of the scatterers. Section 3 describes several methods to compute the effects of multiple scattering on the reflected light. 相似文献
194.
195.
D. Lal 《Space Science Reviews》1972,14(1):3-102
Recent examinations of extraterrestrial materials exposed to cosmic rays for different intervals of time during the geological history of the solar system have generated a wealth of new information on the history of cosmic radiation. This information relates to the temporal variations in
- the flux and energy spectrum of low energy (solar) protons of ? 10 MeV kinetic energy;
- the flux and energy spectrum of (solar) heavy nuclei of Z > 20 of kinetic energy, 0.5–10 MeV/n;
- the integrated flux of protons and heavier nuclei of ? 0.5 GeV kinetic energy, and
- the flux and energy spectrum of nuclei of Z > 20 of medium energy — 100–2000 MeV/n kinetic energy.
196.
An Overview of the Fast Auroral SnapshoT (FAST) Satellite 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The FAST satellite is a highly sophisticated scientific satellite designed to carry out in situ measurements of acceleration physics and related plasma processes associated with the Earth's aurora. Initiated and conceptualized by scientists at the University of California at Berkeley, this satellite is the second of NASA's Small Explorer Satellite program designed to carry out small, highly focused, scientific investigations. FAST was launched on August 21, 1996 into a high inclination (83°) elliptical orbit with apogee and perigee altitudes of 4175 km and 350 km, respectively. The spacecraft design was tailored to take high-resolution data samples (or `snapshots') only while it crosses the auroral zones, which are latitudinally narrow sectors that encircle the polar regions of the Earth. The scientific instruments include energetic electron and ion electrostatic analyzers, an energetic ion instrument that distinguishes ion mass, and vector DC and wave electric and magnetic field instruments. A state-of-the-art flight computer (or instrument data processing unit) includes programmable processors that trigger the burst data collection when interesting physical phenomena are encountered and stores these data in a 1 Gbit solid-state memory for telemetry to the Earth at later times. The spacecraft incorporates a light, efficient, and highly innovative design, which blends proven sub-system concepts with the overall scientific instrument and mission requirements. The result is a new breed of space physics mission that gathers unprecedented fields and particles observations that are continuous and uninterrupted by spin effects. In this and other ways, the FAST mission represents a dramatic advance over previous auroral satellites. This paper describes the overall FAST mission, including a discussion of the spacecraft design parameters and philosophy, the FAST orbit, instrument and data acquisition systems, and mission operations. 相似文献
197.
The problem with aviation COTS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS) has become a byword for acquisition reform, but there are significant risks associated with the use of COTS products in military systems. These risks are especially acute for aviation systems. This paper explains how COTS can negatively affect military acquisitions and gives ideas on how to plan and resolve COTS caused problems 相似文献
198.
Fabrizio G.A. Gershman A.B. Turley M.D. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2004,40(2):510-525
Adaptive beamforming is used to enhance the detection of target echoes received by high frequency (HF) surface wave (HFSW) over-the-horizon (OTH) radars in the presence of spatially structured interference. External interference from natural and man-made sources typically masks the entire range-Doppler search space and is characterized by a spatial covariance matrix that is time-varying or nonstationary over the coherent processing interval (CPI). Adaptive beamformers that update the spatial filtering weight vector within the CPI are likely to suppress such interference most effectively, but the intra-CPI antenna pattern fluctuations result in temporal decorrelation of the clutter which severely degrades subclutter visibility after Doppler processing. A robust adaptive beamformer that effectively suppresses spatially nonstationary interference without degrading subclutter visibility is proposed here. The proposed algorithm is computationally efficient and suitable for practical implementation. Its operational performance is evaluated using experimental data recorded by the Iluka HFSW OTH radar, located near Darwin in far north Australia. 相似文献
199.
F.B. Rizzato A.C.-L. Chian M.V. Alves R. Erichsen S.R. Lopes G.I. de Oliveira R. Pakter E.L. Rempel 《Space Science Reviews》2003,107(1-2):507-514
Langmuir waves and turbulence resulting from an electron beam-plasma instability play a fundamental role in the generation
of solar radio bursts. We report recent theoretical advances in nonlinear dynamics of Langmuir waves. First, starting from
the generalized Zakharov equations, we study the parametric excitation of solar radio bursts at the fundamental plasma frequency
driven by a pair of oppositely propagating Langmuir waves with different wave amplitudes. Next, we briefly discuss the emergence
of chaos in the Zakharov equations. We point out that chaos can lead to turbulence in the source regions of solar radio emissions.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
200.
A model for production of episodic -ray event at interaction of a moving gas target with, a beam of relativistic particles is proposed. The typical duration of -ray emission is limited by the flight time of the target across the beam as well as by the time of destruction and/or expulsion of the target by luminous beam. The time-dependent radiation spectra of the expanding and moving gas cloud irradiated by the beam are calculated for the galactic binary systems Her X-1 and AE Aquarii which are reported as episodic -ray emitters at very high energies. Some predictions and observational tests for the model are discussed.On leave from Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia 相似文献